What Is Ethics?37provide insights i

What Is Ethics?
37
provide insights into how to adjudicate between conﬂicting principles and
can show why certain courses of action are more desirable than others. The
study of ethics can help develop ethical reasoning skills.

Third, individuals may hold some inadequate beliefs or cling to inadequate
values. Subjecting those beliefs or values to critical ethical analysis may
show their inadequacy. Let’s look at a few examples:
(a) At one time, you probably thought certain things were wrong that
you now think are okay, and you thought certain things were okay
that now seem wrong. In short, you changed your mind about some
of your ethical beliefs. Some time ago, for example, many managers
believed that it was acceptable to ﬁre someone for little or no justiﬁ-
able reason. After ethical reﬂection and examination – which encour-
ages us to become more knowledgeable and conscientious in moral
matters – that practice now seems questionable. Although managers
have an obligation to stockholders not to retain unneeded employees,
don’t the managers have some obligation to those who are ﬁred?
(b)
In the past, the principle
caveat emptor
– “ Let the buyer beware” – was
an acceptable practice.Now,it is generally believed,in many cases,that
the manufacturer has the obligation to inform the buyer of potentially
harmful defects. Caveat emptor has become
caveat vendor
– “ Let the
seller beware.”
(c)
Years ago, accountants thought it unacceptable to advertise. Today, it
is a justiﬁable practice. It also used to be an accepted belief that an ac-
counting ﬁrm fulﬁlls the letter of the law simply by following gener-
ally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Upon ethical reﬂection,
however, does the ﬁrm have an ethical obligation to encourage more
realistic ﬁnancial pictures, even if it means going beyond GAAP?

A fourth and very important reason to study ethics is to understand wheth-
er and why our opinions are worth holding. Socrates philosophized that
the unexamined life is not worth living. Have you examined your life? As
an accountant, what are your basic goals? Are they compatible with other
values that you have? If you need to choose between keeping a job and
violating your professional responsibilities, what would you do? When
your responsibility to family clashes with your responsibility to your job,
how do you resolve the conﬂict?

A ﬁnal reason for studying ethics is to identify the basic ethical principles
that can be applied to action. These principles should enable you to de-
termine what should be done and to understand why. When you are faced
with a decision about what to do in a difﬁcult situation, it is helpful to
have a checklist of basic questions or considerations you can apply to help
determine what the outcome should be. In engineering, we must learn the

Third, individuals may hold some inadequate beliefs or cling to inadequate
values. Subjecting those beliefs or values to critical ethical analysis may
show their inadequacy. Let’s look at a few examples:
(a) At one time, you probably thought certain things were wrong that
you now think are okay, and you thought certain things were okay
that now seem wrong. In short, you changed your mind about some
of your ethical beliefs. Some time ago, for example, many managers
believed that it was acceptable to ﬁre someone for little or no justiﬁ-
able reason. After ethical reﬂection and examination – which encour-
ages us to become more knowledgeable and conscientious in moral
matters – that practice now seems questionable. Although managers
have an obligation to stockholders not to retain unneeded employees,
don’t the managers have some obligation to those who are ﬁred?
(b)
In the past, the principle
caveat emptor
– “ Let the buyer beware” – was
an acceptable practice.Now,it is generally believed,in many cases,that
the manufacturer has the obligation to inform the buyer of potentially
harmful defects. Caveat emptor has become
caveat vendor
– “ Let the
seller beware.”
(c)
Years ago, accountants thought it unacceptable to advertise. Today, it
is a justiﬁable practice. It also used to be an accepted belief that an ac-
counting ﬁrm fulﬁlls the letter of the law simply by following gener-
ally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Upon ethical reﬂection,
however, does the ﬁrm have an ethical obligation to encourage more
realistic ﬁnancial pictures, even if it means going beyond GAAP?

A fourth and very important reason to study ethics is to understand wheth-
er and why our opinions are worth holding. Socrates philosophized that
the unexamined life is not worth living. Have you examined your life? As
an accountant, what are your basic goals? Are they compatible with other
values that you have? If you need to choose between keeping a job and
violating your professional responsibilities, what would you do? When
your responsibility to family clashes with your responsibility to your job,
how do you resolve the conﬂict?

A ﬁnal reason for studying ethics is to identify the basic ethical principles
that can be applied to action. These principles should enable you to de-
termine what should be done and to understand why. When you are faced
with a decision about what to do in a difﬁcult situation, it is helpful to
have a checklist of basic questions or considerations you can apply to help
determine what the outcome should be. In engineering, we must learn the

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What Is Ethics?37provide insights into how to adjudicate between conﬂicting principles andcan show why certain courses of action are more desirable than others. Thestudy of ethics can help develop ethical reasoning skills.Third, individuals may hold some inadequate beliefs or cling to inadequatevalues. Subjecting those beliefs or values to critical ethical analysis mayshow their inadequacy. Let’s look at a few examples:(a) At one time, you probably thought certain things were wrong thatyou now think are okay, and you thought certain things were okaythat now seem wrong. In short, you changed your mind about someof your ethical beliefs. Some time ago, for example, many managersbelieved that it was acceptable to ﬁre someone for little or no justiﬁ-able reason. After ethical reﬂection and examination – which encour-ages us to become more knowledgeable and conscientious in moralmatters – that practice now seems questionable. Although managershave an obligation to stockholders not to retain unneeded employees,don’t the managers have some obligation to those who are ﬁred?(b)In the past, the principlecaveat emptor– “ Let the buyer beware” – wasan acceptable practice.Now,it is generally believed,in many cases,thatthe manufacturer has the obligation to inform the buyer of potentiallyharmful defects. Caveat emptor has becomecaveat vendor– “ Let theseller beware.”(c)Years ago, accountants thought it unacceptable to advertise. Today, itis a justiﬁable practice. It also used to be an accepted belief that an ac-counting ﬁrm fulﬁlls the letter of the law simply by following gener-ally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Upon ethical reﬂection,however, does the ﬁrm have an ethical obligation to encourage morerealistic ﬁnancial pictures, even if it means going beyond GAAP?A fourth and very important reason to study ethics is to understand wheth-er and why our opinions are worth holding. Socrates philosophized thatthe unexamined life is not worth living. Have you examined your life? Asan accountant, what are your basic goals? Are they compatible with othervalues that you have? If you need to choose between keeping a job andviolating your professional responsibilities, what would you do? Whenyour responsibility to family clashes with your responsibility to your job,how do you resolve the conﬂict?A ﬁnal reason for studying ethics is to identify the basic ethical principlesthat can be applied to action. These principles should enable you to de-termine what should be done and to understand why. When you are facedwith a decision about what to do in a difﬁcult situation, it is helpful tohave a checklist of basic questions or considerations you can apply to helpdetermine what the outcome should be. In engineering, we must learn the

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Apa Etika?
37
memberikan wawasan ke dalam bagaimana untuk mengadili antara con fl prinsip saling bertentangan dan
dapat menunjukkan mengapa program tertentu tindakan yang lebih diinginkan daripada yang lain. The
studi etika dapat membantu mengembangkan keterampilan penalaran etis.
??
Ketiga, individu mungkin memegang beberapa keyakinan memadai atau melekat memadai
nilai. Menundukkan keyakinan atau nilai-nilai analisis etika kritis mungkin
menunjukkan ketidakmampuan mereka. Mari kita lihat beberapa contoh:
(a) Pada suatu waktu, Anda mungkin berpikir hal-hal tertentu yang salah bahwa
Anda sekarang berpikir baik-baik saja, dan Anda berpikir hal-hal tertentu baik-baik saja
sekarang tampaknya salah. Singkatnya, Anda berubah pikiran tentang beberapa
keyakinan etis Anda. Beberapa waktu lalu, misalnya, banyak manajer
percaya bahwa itu dapat diterima untuk kebakaran seseorang untuk sedikit atau tidak ada pembenaran fi
mampu alasan. Setelah kembali etika fl eksi dan pemeriksaan - yang mengimbau
usia kita untuk menjadi lebih berpengetahuan dan teliti dalam moral yang
hal - praktek yang sekarang tampaknya dipertanyakan. Meskipun manajer
memiliki kewajiban kepada pemegang saham untuk tidak mempertahankan karyawan yang tidak diperlukan,
tidak manajer memiliki beberapa kewajiban untuk mereka yang dipecat?
(B)
Di masa lalu, prinsip
caveat emptor
- "Biarkan pembeli berhati-hati" - adalah
praktek yang dapat diterima .Sekarang, umumnya diyakini, dalam banyak kasus, yang
produsen memiliki kewajiban untuk menginformasikan pembeli potensial
cacat berbahaya. Caveat peringatan telah menjadi
peringatan penjual
-
"Biarkan. Penjual berhati-hatilah"
(c)
Tahun lalu, akuntan pikir itu tidak dapat diterima untuk beriklan. Hari ini,
adalah fi mampu praktek pembenaran. Hal ini juga digunakan untuk menjadi keyakinan diterima bahwa ac-
penghitungan fi rm ful fi lls surat hukum hanya dengan mengikuti gener-
sekutu prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku (GAAP). Setelah etika refleksi,
bagaimanapun, apakah fi rm memiliki kewajiban etis untuk mendorong lebih
realistis gambar keuangan, bahkan jika itu berarti melampaui GAAP?
??
Alasan keempat dan sangat penting untuk mempelajari etika untuk memahami wheth-
er dan mengapa pendapat kami layak memegang. Socrates berfilsafat bahwa
kehidupan teruji tidak layak hidup. Apakah Anda diperiksa hidup Anda? Sebagai
seorang akuntan, apa tujuan dasar Anda? Apakah mereka kompatibel dengan lainnya
nilai-nilai yang Anda miliki? Jika Anda harus memilih antara menjaga pekerjaan dan
melanggar tanggung jawab profesional Anda, apa yang akan Anda lakukan? Ketika
Anda bertanggung jawab untuk bentrokan keluarga dengan tanggung jawab Anda untuk pekerjaan Anda,
bagaimana Anda menyelesaikan konflik?
??
A fi nal alasan untuk mempelajari etika adalah untuk mengidentifikasi prinsip-prinsip etika dasar
yang dapat diterapkan untuk bertindak. Prinsip-prinsip ini harus memungkinkan Anda untuk de-
tapkan apa yang harus dilakukan dan untuk memahami mengapa. Ketika Anda dihadapkan
dengan keputusan tentang apa yang harus dilakukan dalam situasi fi kultus dif, akan sangat membantu untuk
memiliki daftar pertanyaan dasar atau pertimbangan Anda dapat menerapkan untuk membantu
menentukan apa hasilnya seharusnya. Di bidang teknik, kita harus belajar

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