United States (ANZUS) security alliance. Australian troopssupported Am terjemahan - United States (ANZUS) security alliance. Australian troopssupported Am Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

United States (ANZUS) security alli

United States (ANZUS) security alliance. Australian troops
supported American forces in the Vietnam War. Since
1987, however, when its liberal government declared that
New Zealand would henceforth be a nuclear-free country,
New Zealand’s relations with the United States have been
strained. Legislation banned ships carrying nuclear weapons
or powered by nuclear energy from New Zealand’s
ports. The United States refused to confi rm or deny whether
its ships violated either restriction, so New Zealand denied
port access to them. This action removed New Zealand
from ANZUS. New Zealand paid some heavy political
and economic costs for its nonnuclear position; for example,
it was pointedly left out of negotiations that led to the
Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA)
that came into force in 2005.
Despite its small army (only 50,000 strong), Australia
has begun to provide a selective security blanket over
its interests in the region and elsewhere. In 1999, Australian
troops were deployed to head up the United Nations
peacekeeping force to oversee the referendum that gave
independence to East Timor and its subsequent transition
to full independence as Timor-Leste. Australia (and
New Zealand) also lent troops and other support in the
U.S. buildup to and execution of the war against Iraq in
2003. Al-Qa’ida vowed revenge and apparently delivered it
with a bombing in Bali, Indonesia, that killed many young
Australian tourists in 2002. Australia’s apparent concern
about a long-term threat from North Korea also prompted
it to join the United States in the development of the Strategic
Defense Initiative missile shield program. Australia
is sometimes snubbed by its Southeast Asian neighbors in
political and economic affairs because it is seen as something
of a regional “police offi cer” or as a United States
“deputy.”
Oceania’s Environmental Future
Another set of geopolitical concerns in the Pacifi c region is
environmental. The remote islands of Oceania, so far from
the industrial cores of North America, Europe, China, and
Japan, are actually the places most likely to suffer fi rst and
most from the most feared impacts of industrial carbon dioxide
emissions. The islands would be the among the earliest
and hardest-hit victims of any rise in sea level due to global
warming. Sea levels have risen in recent years at a rate of
0.1 inch (3 mm) annually, and there are reports of unprecedented
tidal surges on Pacifi c island shores. If the trend
continues, the fi rst Pacifi c islands to be totally submerged
would be Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu, while
Tonga, Palau, Nauru, Niue, and the Federated States of
Micronesia would lose much of their territories to the sea.
These island nations are among the 39 countries comprising
the Alliance of Small Island States, which argued
forcefully but unsuccessfully at the 1997 Kyoto Conference
on Climate Change that by 2005, global greenhouse gas
emissions should be reduced to 20 percent below their 1990
levels. What they did get was a pledge by most industrialized
nations (not including the United States), in the form
of the Kyoto Protocol, to cut these emissions to at least
5 percent below their 1990 levels by 2012. Already claiming
to be a victim of lost coastline, higher storm surges, and
more storms as a result of global warming, Tuvalu in the
early 2000s lobbied other countries to join it in a lawsuit
against the United States and Australia. Tuvalu wanted to
make the case that these large countries’ failure to ratify
the Kyoto Protocol is a principal cause of global warming.
As so often in the past, the peoples of the Pacifi c today feel
vulnerable to the actions and policies of more powerful nations
far from their tranquil shores.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
Aliansi keamanan Amerika Serikat (ANZUS). Tentara Australia
didukung pasukan Amerika dalam perang Vietnam. Karena
1987, namun, ketika pemerintah liberal menyatakan bahwa
Selandia Baru selanjutnya akan menjadi sebuah negara bebas nuklir,
Selandia Baru hubungan dengan Amerika Serikat telah
tegang. Undang-undang melarang kapal yang mengangkut senjata nuklir
atau didukung oleh energi nuklir dari Selandia Baru
Port. Amerika Serikat menolak XQWXN atau menyangkal Apakah
kapal melanggar pembatasan baik, sehingga menyangkal Selandia Baru
port akses kepada mereka. Tindakan ini dihapus Selandia Baru
dari ANZUS. Selandia Baru dibayar berat beberapa politik
dan biaya ekonomi untuk posisinya nonnuclear; sebagai contoh,
tajam tertinggal dari negosiasi yang mengarah ke
Australia–United Serikat Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA)
yang diberlakukan pada tahun 2005.
meskipun tentaranya kecil (hanya 50,000 kuat), Australia
telah mulai memberikan selimut keamanan selektif
kepentingannya di wilayah dan tempat lain. Pada tahun 1999, Australia
tentara dikerahkan untuk kepala Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa
pasukan perdamaian untuk mengawasi referendum yang memberi
kemerdekaan Timor Timur dan perubahannya berikutnya
menuju kemerdekaan penuh sebagai Timor-Leste. Australia (dan
Selandia Baru) juga meminjamkan serdadu dan sokongan lainnya dalam the
U.S. penumpukan dan pelaksanaan perang melawan Irak dalam
2003. Avtomat bersumpah akan membalas dendam dan rupanya mengirimkannya
dengan pengeboman di Bali, Indonesia, yang menewaskan banyak muda
Australia wisatawan pada tahun 2002. Australia jelas keprihatinan
tentang ancaman jangka panjang dari Korea Utara juga diminta
untuk bergabung dengan Amerika Serikat dalam pengembangan strategis
Initiative pertahanan rudal perisai program. Australia
kadang-kadang snubbed oleh tetangga Asia Tenggara di
urusan politik dan ekonomi karena itu dilihat sebagai sesuatu
Regional "polisi ter cer" atau sebagai Amerika Serikat
"wakil."
Masa depan lingkungan Oceania
Satu set geopolitik kekhawatiran di Pacifi daerah c
lingkungan. Kepulauan terpencil Oseania, sehingga jauh dari
industri inti dari Amerika Utara, Eropa, Cina, dan
Jepang, adalah benar-benar tempat kemungkinan untuk menderita dibuka dan
sebagian dari dampak paling ditakuti karbon dioksida
emisi. Pulau-pulau akan antara awal
dan korban paling terpukul setiap kenaikan permukaan laut karena global
pemanasan. Permukaan laut telah meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir pada tingkat
0.1 inci (3 mm) setiap tahunnya, dan ada juga laporan belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya
semakin tingginya arus pasang di Pacifi c pulau shores. Jika tren
berlanjut, Kepulauan rst Pacifi c fi harus benar-benar tenggelam
akan menjadi Kiribati, Kepulauan Marshall dan Tuvalu, sementara
Tonga, Palau, Nauru, Niue, dan Federasi Serikat
Mikronesia akan kehilangan banyak wilayah mereka ke laut.
bangsa-bangsa pulau ini adalah di antara 39 negara terdiri dari
Aliansi kecil pulau negara bagian yang berpendapat
tegas tapi gagal pada 1997 Kyoto konferensi
iklim mengubah bahwa dengan tahun 2005, gas rumah kaca global
emisi harus dikurangi hingga 20 persen di bawah tahun 1990 mereka
tingkat. Apa yang mereka lakukan membuat adalah janji oleh sebagian negara
bangsa-bangsa (tidak termasuk Amerika Serikat), dalam bentuk
Protokol Kyoto, untuk memotong emisi ini untuk setidaknya
5 persen di bawah tingkat 1990 pada tahun 2012. Sudah mengklaim
menjadi korban dari pantai hilang, lebih tinggi badai di-tempat, dan
lebih badai sebagai akibat dari pemanasan global, Tuvalu di
Late 1990s melobi pemerintah negara lain untuk bergabung dalam gugatan
terhadap Amerika Serikat dan Australia. Tuvalu ingin
membuat kasus bahwa kegagalan negara besar-negara untuk meratifikasi
protokol Kyoto adalah penyebab utama pemanasan global.
sebagai begitu sering di masa lalu, orang-orang sekarang ini merasa c Pacifi
rentan terhadap tindakan dan kebijakan bangsa-bangsa yang lebih kuat
jauh dari pantai tenang.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
United States (ANZUS) security alliance. Australian troops
supported American forces in the Vietnam War. Since
1987, however, when its liberal government declared that
New Zealand would henceforth be a nuclear-free country,
New Zealand’s relations with the United States have been
strained. Legislation banned ships carrying nuclear weapons
or powered by nuclear energy from New Zealand’s
ports. The United States refused to confi rm or deny whether
its ships violated either restriction, so New Zealand denied
port access to them. This action removed New Zealand
from ANZUS. New Zealand paid some heavy political
and economic costs for its nonnuclear position; for example,
it was pointedly left out of negotiations that led to the
Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA)
that came into force in 2005.
Despite its small army (only 50,000 strong), Australia
has begun to provide a selective security blanket over
its interests in the region and elsewhere. In 1999, Australian
troops were deployed to head up the United Nations
peacekeeping force to oversee the referendum that gave
independence to East Timor and its subsequent transition
to full independence as Timor-Leste. Australia (and
New Zealand) also lent troops and other support in the
U.S. buildup to and execution of the war against Iraq in
2003. Al-Qa’ida vowed revenge and apparently delivered it
with a bombing in Bali, Indonesia, that killed many young
Australian tourists in 2002. Australia’s apparent concern
about a long-term threat from North Korea also prompted
it to join the United States in the development of the Strategic
Defense Initiative missile shield program. Australia
is sometimes snubbed by its Southeast Asian neighbors in
political and economic affairs because it is seen as something
of a regional “police offi cer” or as a United States
“deputy.”
Oceania’s Environmental Future
Another set of geopolitical concerns in the Pacifi c region is
environmental. The remote islands of Oceania, so far from
the industrial cores of North America, Europe, China, and
Japan, are actually the places most likely to suffer fi rst and
most from the most feared impacts of industrial carbon dioxide
emissions. The islands would be the among the earliest
and hardest-hit victims of any rise in sea level due to global
warming. Sea levels have risen in recent years at a rate of
0.1 inch (3 mm) annually, and there are reports of unprecedented
tidal surges on Pacifi c island shores. If the trend
continues, the fi rst Pacifi c islands to be totally submerged
would be Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu, while
Tonga, Palau, Nauru, Niue, and the Federated States of
Micronesia would lose much of their territories to the sea.
These island nations are among the 39 countries comprising
the Alliance of Small Island States, which argued
forcefully but unsuccessfully at the 1997 Kyoto Conference
on Climate Change that by 2005, global greenhouse gas
emissions should be reduced to 20 percent below their 1990
levels. What they did get was a pledge by most industrialized
nations (not including the United States), in the form
of the Kyoto Protocol, to cut these emissions to at least
5 percent below their 1990 levels by 2012. Already claiming
to be a victim of lost coastline, higher storm surges, and
more storms as a result of global warming, Tuvalu in the
early 2000s lobbied other countries to join it in a lawsuit
against the United States and Australia. Tuvalu wanted to
make the case that these large countries’ failure to ratify
the Kyoto Protocol is a principal cause of global warming.
As so often in the past, the peoples of the Pacifi c today feel
vulnerable to the actions and policies of more powerful nations
far from their tranquil shores.
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
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