Candidate Assessment Once the requirements of a given international as terjemahan - Candidate Assessment Once the requirements of a given international as Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Candidate Assessment Once the requi

Candidate Assessment
Once the requirements of a given international assignment have been determined, many possibilities exist to assess the candidates on job-related dimensions. Given that international assignments are job contexts, rather than job descriptions, they require different levels of relevant attributes (e.g., language fluency, openness, technical skills). For example, greater emphasis would be placed on personality characteristics (such as sociability and openness) when assessing a candidate for a developmental or strategic assignment – requiring much more host national contact, compared to a more technical international assignment (Caligiuri 2000a; 2000b; 2004). In a best case, a thorough assessment can be conducted through a variety of valid formal selection methods: paper and pencil tests, assessment centers, interviews, behavioral observations, and the like.
While comprehensive, the reality of international assignment selection is not nearly as
sophisticated. Most international assignee selection generally happens using the most informal methods – recommendations of peers or supervisors (Brewster & Harris, 1999) on basic dimensions such as work experience and willingness to relocate. That said, future research should attempt to close the gap between research and practice. For instance, two aspects of the international assignee selection process have shown promise for practical application but warrant further investigation. The first is to better understand ways to engage employees early – even before an international assignment is even available. The best candidates could potentially build their efficacy for the assignment when their decision-making processes are engaged before a position becomes available (Caligiuri & Phillips, 2003). The second promising application for practice is to better understand ways to effectively involve the family as early as possible in the selection process. Research suggests that family members can greatly influence the assignment outcome (Caligiuri et al., 1998) so their motivation and interest in the international assignment should not be disregarded in the assessment phase. It is generally accepted that the best selection decision will be mutual among the employees, their organizations, and their families. While the best case for international assignee selection is understood, the dynamic interplay among employees, families, and organizations -- in terms of international assignment selection decisions -- is not yet thoroughly understood and warrants further research.

Training and Development for International Assignees
In addition to comprehensive self-selection and selection programs, success in international assignments may be facilitated through the training and development of cross-national competencies (e.g., cross-cultural knowledge, skills, and abilities). For example, providing an international assignee with knowledge of general dimensions on which most cultures differ and the impact of these differences may provide the individual with some awareness regarding expected norms and behaviors in the new culture (Black & Mendenhall, 1990). This awareness
may lower anxiety, reduce culture shock, and encourage appropriate behaviors when living and working in a host culture. For the organization, both international training activities and international development activities will help improve cross-national competencies among international assignees (Briscoe & Schuler, 2004; Dowling & Welch, 2004; Gupta & Govindarajan, 2002; Evans, Pucik, & Barsouk, 2001).
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Calon penilaian Setelah persyaratan tertentu penugasan internasional telah ditentukan, banyak kemungkinan ada untuk menilai para kandidat pada dimensi yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan. Mengingat bahwa tugas internasional adalah konteks pekerjaan, bukan deskripsi pekerjaan, mereka memerlukan tingkat yang berbeda relevan atribut (misalnya, kefasihan bahasa, keterbukaan, keterampilan teknis). Sebagai contoh, penekanan yang lebih besar akan ditempatkan pada karakteristik kepribadian (seperti keramahan dan keterbukaan) ketika menilai seorang kandidat untuk tugas perkembangan atau strategis-membutuhkan lebih banyak host Nasional kontak, dibandingkan dengan penugasan internasional yang lebih teknis (Caligiuri 2000a; 2000b; 2004). Dalam kasus terbaik, evaluasi menyeluruh dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai metode seleksi formal yang berlaku: kertas dan pensil tes, Pusat-pusat penilaian, wawancara, pengamatan perilaku, dan sejenisnya. Sementara komprehensif, realitas penugasan internasional pilihan tidak hampir sebagaicanggih. Pilihan diberi tugas paling internasional umumnya terjadi menggunakan metode paling informal-rekomendasi dari rekan-rekan atau pengawas (Brewster & Harris, 1999) pada dimensi dasar seperti pengalaman kerja dan kesediaan untuk pindah. Yang mengatakan, masa depan penelitian harus berusaha untuk menutup kesenjangan antara penelitian dan praktek. Misalnya, dua aspek dari proses pilihan pengalihan internasional telah menunjukkan janji untuk aplikasi praktis tetapi Waran penyelidikan lebih lanjut. Yang pertama adalah untuk lebih memahami cara-cara untuk melibatkan karyawan awal – bahkan sebelum penugasan internasional bahkan tersedia. Kandidat terbaik berpotensi bisa membangun keampuhan mereka untuk tugas ketika proses pengambilan keputusan mereka bergerak sebelum posisi menjadi tersedia (Caligiuri & Phillips, 2003). Kedua permohonan menjanjikan praktek adalah untuk lebih memahami cara untuk secara efektif melibatkan keluarga sedini mungkin dalam proses seleksi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anggota keluarga dapat sangat mempengaruhi hasil tugas (Caligiuri et al. 1998) jadi motivasi dan minat mereka dalam penugasan internasional tidak boleh diabaikan dalam tahap penilaian. Secara umum diterima bahwa keputusan pilihan terbaik akan saling antara karyawan, organisasi mereka dan keluarga mereka. Sementara kasus terbaik untuk pilihan pengalihan internasional dipahami, interaksi dinamis antara karyawan, Keluarga, dan organisasi--dalam penugasan internasional pilihan keputusan--belum benar-benar dimengerti dan waran penelitian lebih lanjut.Pelatihan dan pengembangan internasional Assignees Selain pilihan diri komprehensif dan program-program pilihan, keberhasilan dalam tugas-tugas internasional dapat difasilitasi melalui pelatihan dan pengembangan kompetensi lintas (misalnya, Antarbudaya pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kemampuan). Sebagai contoh, menyediakan pengalihan internasional dengan pengetahuan umum dimensi yang kebanyakan budaya berbeda dan dampak dari perbedaan-perbedaan ini dapat menyediakan individu dengan beberapa kesadaran mengenai norma-norma yang diharapkan dan perilaku dalam budaya baru (hitam & Mendenhall, 1990). Kesadaran inimungkin menurunkan kecemasan, mengurangi kejutan budaya, dan mendorong perilaku yang sesuai ketika tinggal dan bekerja di tuan rumah budaya. Untuk organisasi, kegiatan pelatihan internasional dan kegiatan pembangunan internasional akan membantu meningkatkan kompetensi lintas antara assignees internasional (Briscoe & Schuler, 2004; Dowling & Welch, 2004; Gupta & Donni Mamuko, 2002; Evans, Pucik, & Barsouk, 2001).
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Candidate Assessment
Once the requirements of a given international assignment have been determined, many possibilities exist to assess the candidates on job-related dimensions. Given that international assignments are job contexts, rather than job descriptions, they require different levels of relevant attributes (e.g., language fluency, openness, technical skills). For example, greater emphasis would be placed on personality characteristics (such as sociability and openness) when assessing a candidate for a developmental or strategic assignment – requiring much more host national contact, compared to a more technical international assignment (Caligiuri 2000a; 2000b; 2004). In a best case, a thorough assessment can be conducted through a variety of valid formal selection methods: paper and pencil tests, assessment centers, interviews, behavioral observations, and the like.
While comprehensive, the reality of international assignment selection is not nearly as
sophisticated. Most international assignee selection generally happens using the most informal methods – recommendations of peers or supervisors (Brewster & Harris, 1999) on basic dimensions such as work experience and willingness to relocate. That said, future research should attempt to close the gap between research and practice. For instance, two aspects of the international assignee selection process have shown promise for practical application but warrant further investigation. The first is to better understand ways to engage employees early – even before an international assignment is even available. The best candidates could potentially build their efficacy for the assignment when their decision-making processes are engaged before a position becomes available (Caligiuri & Phillips, 2003). The second promising application for practice is to better understand ways to effectively involve the family as early as possible in the selection process. Research suggests that family members can greatly influence the assignment outcome (Caligiuri et al., 1998) so their motivation and interest in the international assignment should not be disregarded in the assessment phase. It is generally accepted that the best selection decision will be mutual among the employees, their organizations, and their families. While the best case for international assignee selection is understood, the dynamic interplay among employees, families, and organizations -- in terms of international assignment selection decisions -- is not yet thoroughly understood and warrants further research.

Training and Development for International Assignees
In addition to comprehensive self-selection and selection programs, success in international assignments may be facilitated through the training and development of cross-national competencies (e.g., cross-cultural knowledge, skills, and abilities). For example, providing an international assignee with knowledge of general dimensions on which most cultures differ and the impact of these differences may provide the individual with some awareness regarding expected norms and behaviors in the new culture (Black & Mendenhall, 1990). This awareness
may lower anxiety, reduce culture shock, and encourage appropriate behaviors when living and working in a host culture. For the organization, both international training activities and international development activities will help improve cross-national competencies among international assignees (Briscoe & Schuler, 2004; Dowling & Welch, 2004; Gupta & Govindarajan, 2002; Evans, Pucik, & Barsouk, 2001).
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