8.4.3 Data Link Layer TroubleshootingPage 1:Symptoms of Data Link Laye terjemahan - 8.4.3 Data Link Layer TroubleshootingPage 1:Symptoms of Data Link Laye Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

8.4.3 Data Link Layer Troubleshooti

8.4.3 Data Link Layer Troubleshooting

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Symptoms of Data Link Layer Problems


Troubleshooting Layer 2 problems can be a challenging process. The configuration and operation of these protocols are critical to creating a functional, well-tuned network.


Data Link layer problems cause common symptoms that assist in identifying Layer 2 issues. Recognizing these symptoms helps narrow down the number of possible causes. Common symptoms of network problems at the Data Link layer include:


No functionality or connectivity at the Network layer or above


Some Layer 2 problems can stop the exchange of frames across a link, while others only cause network performance to degrade.


Network is operating below baseline performance levels


There are two distinct types of suboptimal Layer 2 operation that can occur in a network:


Frames take an illogical path to their destination but do arrive. An example of a problem which could cause frames to take a suboptimal path is a poorly designed Layer 2 spanning-tree topology. In this case, the network might experience high-bandwidth usage on links that should not have that level of traffic.
Some frames are dropped. These problems can be identified through error counter statistics and console error messages that appear on the switch or router. In an Ethernet environment, an extended or continuous ping also reveals if frames are being dropped.

Excessive broadcasts


Modern operating systems use broadcasts extensively to discover network services and other hosts. Where excessive broadcasts are observed, it is important to identify the source of the broadcasts. Generally, excessive broadcasts result from one of the following situations:


Poorly programmed or configured applications
Large Layer 2 broadcast domains
Underlying network problems, such as STP loops or route flapping.

Console messages


In some instances, a router recognizes that a Layer 2 problem has occurred and sends alert messages to the console. Typically, a router does this when it detects a problem with interpreting incoming frames (encapsulation or framing problems) or when keepalives are expected but do not arrive. The most common console message that indicates a Layer 2 problem is a line protocol down message.



8.4.3 - Data Link Layer Troubleshooting
The diagram depicts symptoms of Data Link Layer problems. The seven layers of the O S I model are shown with symptoms expanding from the Data Link Layer.
Symptoms:
- No connectivity at the Network Layer or above.
- No functionality at the Network Layer or above.
- Network performance below baseline.
- Excessive broadcasts.
- Console error messages.
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8.4.3 Data Link Layer TroubleshootingPage 1:Symptoms of Data Link Layer ProblemsTroubleshooting Layer 2 problems can be a challenging process. The configuration and operation of these protocols are critical to creating a functional, well-tuned network.Data Link layer problems cause common symptoms that assist in identifying Layer 2 issues. Recognizing these symptoms helps narrow down the number of possible causes. Common symptoms of network problems at the Data Link layer include:No functionality or connectivity at the Network layer or aboveSome Layer 2 problems can stop the exchange of frames across a link, while others only cause network performance to degrade.Network is operating below baseline performance levelsThere are two distinct types of suboptimal Layer 2 operation that can occur in a network:Frames take an illogical path to their destination but do arrive. An example of a problem which could cause frames to take a suboptimal path is a poorly designed Layer 2 spanning-tree topology. In this case, the network might experience high-bandwidth usage on links that should not have that level of traffic.Some frames are dropped. These problems can be identified through error counter statistics and console error messages that appear on the switch or router. In an Ethernet environment, an extended or continuous ping also reveals if frames are being dropped.Excessive broadcastsModern operating systems use broadcasts extensively to discover network services and other hosts. Where excessive broadcasts are observed, it is important to identify the source of the broadcasts. Generally, excessive broadcasts result from one of the following situations:Poorly programmed or configured applicationsLarge Layer 2 broadcast domainsUnderlying network problems, such as STP loops or route flapping.Console messagesIn some instances, a router recognizes that a Layer 2 problem has occurred and sends alert messages to the console. Typically, a router does this when it detects a problem with interpreting incoming frames (encapsulation or framing problems) or when keepalives are expected but do not arrive. The most common console message that indicates a Layer 2 problem is a line protocol down message.8.4.3 - Data Link Layer TroubleshootingThe diagram depicts symptoms of Data Link Layer problems. The seven layers of the O S I model are shown with symptoms expanding from the Data Link Layer. Symptoms: - No connectivity at the Network Layer or above. - No functionality at the Network Layer or above. - Network performance below baseline. - Excessive broadcasts. - Console error messages.
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8.4.3 Data Link Layer Masalah

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Gejala Data Link Layer Masalah


Masalah Layer 2 masalah dapat menjadi proses yang menantang. Konfigurasi dan operasi protokol ini sangat penting untuk menciptakan fungsional, jaringan baik-tuned.


Masalah Data Link lapisan menyebabkan gejala umum yang membantu dalam mengidentifikasi Layer 2 masalah. Mengenali gejala ini membantu mempersempit jumlah kemungkinan penyebab. Gejala umum dari masalah jaringan pada layer Data Link meliputi:


Tidak ada fungsi atau konektivitas pada lapisan Network atau di atas


Beberapa Layer 2 masalah dapat menghentikan pertukaran frame di link, sedangkan kinerja yang lain hanya menyebabkan jaringan untuk menurunkan.


Jaringan ini beroperasi di bawah dasar tingkat kinerja


Ada dua jenis yang berbeda dari suboptimal layer 2 operasi yang dapat terjadi dalam jaringan:


Frames mengambil jalan tidak logis ke tujuan mereka tetapi tiba. Contoh masalah yang bisa menyebabkan frame untuk mengambil jalan suboptimal adalah dirancang buruk Layer 2 topologi spanning-tree. Dalam hal ini, jaringan mungkin mengalami penggunaan bandwidth tinggi pada link yang tidak memiliki tingkat lalu lintas.
Beberapa bingkai dijatuhkan. Masalah-masalah ini dapat diidentifikasi melalui counter statistics kesalahan dan pesan konsol kesalahan yang muncul pada switch atau router. Dalam lingkungan Ethernet, ping diperpanjang atau terus-menerus juga mengungkapkan jika frame yang dijatuhkan.

Siaran berlebihan


Sistem operasi modern menggunakan siaran secara ekstensif untuk menemukan layanan jaringan dan host lainnya. Di mana siaran berlebihan diamati, penting untuk mengidentifikasi sumber dari siaran. Umumnya, siaran berlebihan hasil dari salah satu situasi berikut:


Buruk diprogram atau dikonfigurasi aplikasi
besar Layer 2 broadcast domain
. Masalah jaringan Underlying, seperti STP loop atau rute mengepakkan

pesan Console


Dalam beberapa kasus, router mengakui bahwa masalah Layer 2 telah terjadi dan mengirimkan pesan peringatan ke konsol. Biasanya, router melakukan hal ini ketika mendeteksi masalah dengan menafsirkan frame yang masuk (enkapsulasi atau framing masalah) atau ketika keepalives diharapkan tetapi tidak tiba. Yang paling umum konsol pesan yang menunjukkan suatu Layer 2 masalah adalah protokol garis bawah pesan.



8.4.3 - Data Link Layer Mengatasi Masalah
Diagram melukiskan gejala masalah Data Link Layer. Tujuh lapisan model OSI ditunjukkan dengan gejala berkembang dari Data Link Layer.
Gejala:
- Tidak konektivitas di Network Layer atau di atas.
- Tidak ada fungsi di Network Layer atau di atas.
- Kinerja Jaringan bawah dasar.
- Siaran berlebihan.
- pesan kesalahan Console.
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