Ruqaiya Sultan BegumRuqaiya Sultana

Ruqaiya Sultan Begum
Ruqaiya Sultana Begum (Persian: رقیه سلطان بیگم‎; also spelled as Ruqayya, Ruqayyah) (1542 – 19 January 1626) was an Empress of the Mughal Empire. She was the first wife of Emperor Akbar.[2][3][4][5] She was also the longest serving Mughal empress having a tenure of over 49 years.[6]
She was born a Mughal princess (Shahzadi) and was the only daughter of Mughal prince Hindal Mirza, who was Akbar's youngest paternal uncle.[5] She was also the granddaughter of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal emperor, as well as the niece of the second, Humayun.
She played a crucial role in negotiating a settlement between her husband and her stepson, Jahangir, when the father-son relationship turned sour in the early 1600s, eventually helping Jahangir's accession to the throne.[7]
Family
Shahzadi Ruqaiya Sultan Begum was born into the Timurid dynasty as a Mughal princess, and was the only daughter of Mughal prince Hindal Mirza, the youngest and favorite son of the first Mughal emperor Babur from his wife Dildar Begum. Ruqaiya's mother, Sultanam Begum, was the daughter of Muhammad Musa Khwaja and the younger sister of Mahdi Khwaja, who was the brother-in-law of Emperor Babur, being the husband of his sister, Khanzada Begum.[8] Ruqaiya's oldest paternal uncle was the emperor Humayun, who later became her father-in-law as well, while her most notable paternal aunt was Gulbadan Begum, the author of Humayun Nama ("Book of Humayun").
Being the granddaughter of Emperor Babur and a Timurid princess, Ruqaiya, as well as her first cousin, Akbar, were descendants of the lines of the highest Central Asian aristocracy: Timur or Tamerlane the Great through his son Miran Shah, and Genghis Khan through his son Chagatai Khan.
As it was customary for a Mughal princess, Ruqaiya was well educated and knew many languages such as Chagatai, Persian, Arabic and Urdu.[9]
Marriage

Hujra-I-Anup Talao or the Turkish Sultana House, a pleasure pavilion attached to a pond, was used by Empress Ruqaiya
At the age of nine, Ruqaiya married her first cousin, Akbar, in November of 1551 at Kabul, Afghanistan, shortly after his first appointment as a Viceroy in the province of Ghazni.[10] The marriage was arranged by Ruqaiya's uncle and Akbar's father, Humayun, and took place soon after the untimely death of Ruqaiya's father, Hindal Mirza, who died in a battle.[11] Humayun conferred on the young couple, all the wealth, army and adherents of his deceased younger brother, Hindal, and Ghazni, which was one of Hindal's jagir, was given to his nephew and son-in-law, Akbar.[11][12]
Ruqaiya became an Empress of the Mughal Empire at the age of fourteen years following her husband's accession to the throne in 1556.
Throughout her 53 years of marriage, Ruqaiya remained childless, but was given the primary responsibility for the upbringing of her grandson, prince Khurram (the future Emperor Shah Jahan).[13]
Just prior to Khurram’s birth, a soothsayer had reportedly predicted to Ruqaiya Sultan Begum that the still unborn child was destined for imperial greatness. So, when Khurram was born in 1592 and was only six days old, Akbar ordered that the prince be taken away from his mother and handed him over to Ruqaiya so that he could grow up under her care and Akbar could fulfill his aging wife's wish, to raise a Mughal emperor.[7] Khurram remained with her,[3] until he had turned 13. The young prince was then, finally, allowed to return to his father's household, and thus, be closer to his biological mother.[7] Ruqaiya oversaw Khurram's education as well for she, unlike her husband, was well educated.[14] Ruqaiya and Khurram, therefore, shared a close relationship much like the relationship that Akbar had shared with Khurram (the prince had been a favourite of his grandfather). Khurram's father and Ruqaiya's step-son, Jahangir, noted that Ruqaiya had loved Khurram "a thousand times more than if he had been her own son".[3]
Despite the fact that she did not bear him any children, she was always kept in high regard by her husband, as he held great respect and affection for her. Ruqaiya was thus, a senior and high ranked figure in the imperial harem, along with the other two chief Empresses, also and at court during her husband's reign as well as in his successor's (Jahangir) reign.[15] She took a precedence over other wives of Akbar in terms of birth. She was his only wife who was the most supreme in terms of birth, being herself a Timurid princess and thus, a member of the Timurid dynasty.
The Empress also took active part in court politics just like Salima Sultan begum and Mariam-uz-Zamani. In the early 1600s, Ruqaiya, Salima Sultan Begum and Maryam Makani, along with other ladies of the harem, played a crucial role in negotiating a settlement between Akbar and Jahangir, (when their relationship had turned sour), eventually helping to pave the way for Jahangir's accession to the throne.[7][16] During Jahangir's reign, Ruqaiya and Salima Sultan Begum again played a crucial role in successfully securing pardon for the powerful, Khan-i-Azam, Mirza Aziz Koka, who had been sentenced to death by Jahangir. Apart from her own palace at Fatehpur Sikri, Ruqaiya owned palaces outside the fort in Agra, near the Jamuna river, a privilege given to Mughal princesses only and sometimes to empresses who were kept in high esteem.[17][18]
In 1607, Ruqaiya, for the first time, visited the mausoleum of her father Hindal Mirza as the royal harem and Jahangir were on a hunting trip to Kabul.[19] Sher Afghan Quli Khan, the jagirdar of Burdwan died and his widowed wife, Mehrunnissa (later Empress Nur Jahan) was summoned to Agra by Jahangir to act as lady-in-waiting to the Empress Ruqaiya.[10] Given the precarious political connections of Sher Afghan before his death, his family was in great danger and therefore for her own protection, Mihrunnissa needed to be at the court in Agra.
Nur Jehan and her daughter, Ladli Begum, served as ladies-in-waiting to the Empress for four years while earnestly endeavoring to please their imperial mistress.[20] The relationship that grew up between Ruqaiya and Mihrunnissa appears to have been an extremely tender one which remained so until Ruqaiya's death in 1626. The Dutch merchant, Pieter van den Broecke said: "This Begum [Ruqaiya] conceived a great affection for Mehr-un-Nissa; she loved her more than others and always kept her in her company."[21]
Death

Gardens of Babur at Kabul, Afghanistan
Ruqaiya died in 1626, at the age of 84 having outlived her husband by 20 years. She was buried on the fifteenth level in the Gardens of Babur (Bagh-e-Babur) in Kabul, which is also the resting place of her grandfather, Emperor Babur and her father, Hindal Mirza. Her tomb was built by her step-grandson, Emperor Shah Jahan.[22]
While recording her death in his autobiography, Jahangir fondly speaks of Ruqaiya, as she brought up his son, and makes note of her exalted status as Akbar's first wife.[23]

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Ruqaiya Sultan BegumRuqaiya Sultana Begum (Persia: رقیه سلطان بیگم; juga dieja sebagai Ruqayya, Ruqayyah) (1542-19 Januari 1626) merupakan Maharani Kekaisaran Mughal. Ia adalah istri pertama dari Kaisar Akbar.[2][3][4][5] Dia juga adalah yang terpanjang melayani Mughal Permaisuri memiliki jabatan lebih dari 49 tahun.[6]Ia dilahirkan seorang puteri Mughal (Shahzadi) dan satu-satunya putri Pangeran Mughal Hindal Mirza, yang termuda Akbar di paman dari pihak ayah.[5] Dia juga adalah cucu Kaisar Babur, pendiri kekaisaran Mughal dan kaisar Mughal pertama, juga keponakan yang kedua, Humayun.Ia memainkan peran penting dalam negosiasi penyelesaian antara suami dan anak tiri nya, Jahangir, ketika ayah-anak hubungan kembali asam di awal tahun 1600-an, akhirnya membantu Jahangir's aksesi ke atas tahta.[7]KeluargaShahzadi Ruqaiya Sultan Begum dilahirkan dalam Dinasti Timuriyah sebagai putri Mughal, dan adalah satu-satunya putri Pangeran Mughal Hindal Mirza, anak termuda dan favorit dari kaisar Mughal pertama Babur dari istrinya, Dildar Begum. Ruqaiya's ibu, Sultanam Begum, adalah putri dari Muhammad Musa Khwaja dan adik dari Mahdi Khwaja, yang adalah adik ipar Kaisar Babur, sebagai suami saudara perempuannya, Khanzada Begum.[8] Ruqaiya tertua paman dari pihak ayah adalah Kaisar Humayun, yang kemudian menjadi mertuanya juga, ketika bibinya dari pihak ayah terkenal Gulbadan Begum, penulis Humayun Nama ("buku Humayun").Menjadi cucu Kaisar Babur dan seorang putri Timuriyah, Ruqaiya, serta dengan sepupu pertamanya, Akbar, merupakan keturunan garis aristokrasi Asia Tengah Tertinggi: Timur atau Tamerlane yang besar melalui anaknya Miran Shah, dan Genghis Khan melalui anaknya Chagatai Khan.Seperti itu adat untuk putri Mughal, Ruqaiya berpendidikan dan tahu banyak bahasa seperti Chagatai, Persia, Arab, dan Urdu.[9]Pernikahan Talao Hujra-saya-dariawal atau rumah Sultana Turki, sebuah paviliun kesenangan yang melekat pada kolam, digunakan oleh Permaisuri RuqaiyaPada usia sembilan, Ruqaiya dinikahkan dengan sepupu pertamanya, Akbar, pada November tahun 1551 di Kabul, Afghanistan, tak lama setelah penunjukannya pertama sebagai Viceroy di Provinsi Ghazni.[10] Pernikahan diatur oleh Ruqaiya's paman dan ayah Akbar's, Humayun, dan terjadi segera setelah kematian mendadak dari Ruqaiya's ayah, Hindal Mirza, yang tewas dalam pertempuran.[11] Humayun diberikan Pasangan muda, semua kekayaan, tentara dan pengikutnya adik almarhum, Hindal, dan Ghazni, yang adalah salah satu Hindal's jagir, diberikan kepada keponakan dan menantu, Akbar.[11][12]Ruqaiya menjadi Permaisuri Kesultanan Mughal pada usia empat belas tahun, mengikuti suaminya aksesi ke atas tahta pada tahun 1556.Seluruh nya 53 tahun perkawinan, Ruqaiya tetap anak, tetapi diberikan tanggung jawab utama untuk pengasuhan anak cucunya, Pangeran Khurram (yang kelak menjadi Kaisar Shah Jahan).[13]Sebelum kelahiran Khurram's, peramal telah dilaporkan meramalkan untuk Ruqaiya Sultan Begum masih bayi ditakdirkan untuk kebesaran Kekaisaran. Jadi, ketika Khurram dilahirkan pada tahun 1592 dan hanya enam hari tua, Akbar memerintahkan bahwa Pangeran akan diambil dari ibunya dan menyerahkan dia Ruqaiya sehingga ia bisa tumbuh di bawah perawatan nya dan Akbar bisa memenuhi keinginan istrinya penuaan, meningkatkan kaisar Mughal.[7] Khurram tetap dengan dia, [3] sampai ia telah berbalik 13. Pangeran muda kemudian, akhirnya, diperbolehkan untuk kembali ke rumah ayahnya, dan dengan demikian, lebih dekat dengan ibu kandungnya.[7] Ruqaiya mengawasi Khurram di pendidikan juga karena dia, tidak seperti suaminya, berpendidikan.[14] Ruqaiya dan Khurram, oleh karena itu, berbagi hubungan seperti hubungan Akbar telah berbagi dengan Khurram (Pangeran telah menjadi favorit kakeknya). Khurram's ayah dan Ruqaiya di langkah-anak, Jahangir, mencatat bahwa Ruqaiya telah mengasihi Khurram "seribu kali lebih daripada jika ia telah anaknya sendiri".[3]Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa dia tidak memberinya anak, dia telah selalu dipelihara di menjunjung tinggi oleh suaminya, karena ia memegang rasa hormat dan kasih sayang untuk dirinya. Ruqaiya itu, seorang senior dan tinggi peringkat gambar selir imperial, bersama dengan Empresses kepala dua lainnya, juga dan di lapangan selama pemerintahan suaminya juga dalam penggantinya 's (Jahangir) memerintah.[15] Dia mengambil didahulukan atas istri lain dari Akbar dalam hal kelahiran. Ia adalah istrinya hanya yang paling Agung dalam hal kelahiran, menjadi dirinya sendiri seorang putri Timuriyah dan dengan demikian, anggota Dinasti Timuriyah.Permaisuri juga mengambil bagian aktif dalam pengadilan politik seperti Salima Sultan begum dan Mariam-uz-Zamani. Di awal tahun 1600-an, Ruqaiya, Salima Sultan Begum dan Maryam Makani, bersama dengan wanita-wanita lain selir, memainkan peran penting dalam negosiasi penyelesaian antara Akbar dan Jahangir, (ketika hubungan mereka berubah pahit), akhirnya membantu untuk membuka jalan bagi Jahangir's aksesi ke atas tahta.[7][16] selama pemerintahan Jahangir's, Ruqaiya dan Salima Sultan Begum lagi memainkan peran penting dalam berhasil mengamankan pengampunan untuk yang kuat, Khan-i-Azam, Mirza Aziz Koka, yang telah dihukum mati oleh Jahangir. Selain Istana Nya sendiri di Fatehpur Sikri, Ruqaiya dimiliki istana di luar benteng di Agra, dekat Sungai Jamuna, hak istimewa yang diberikan kepada putri Mughal hanya dan kadang-kadang untuk empresses yang dipelihara di harga tinggi.[17][18]Pada tahun 1607, Ruqaiya, untuk pertama kalinya, mengunjungi makam ayahnya Hindal Mirza sebagai selir kerajaan dan Jahangir dalam perjalanan berburu ke Kabul.[19] sher Afghan Quli Khan, jagirdar Burdwan meninggal dan istrinya janda, Mehrunnissa (kemudian Permaisuri Nur Jahan) dipanggil ke Agra oleh Jahangir untuk bertindak sebagai pelayan untuk Empress Ruqaiya.[10] mengingat koneksi politik berbahaya dari Afghanistan Sher sebelum kematiannya, keluarganya adalah dalam bahaya besar dan oleh karena itu untuk perlindungan-nya sendiri, Mihrunnissa diperlukan untuk menjadi di pengadilan di Agra.Nur Jehan dan putrinya, Ladli Begum, menjabat sebagai ladies-in-waiting kepada Maharani selama empat tahun sambil dengan sungguh-sungguh berusaha untuk menyenangkan mereka Nyonya Kekaisaran.[20] hubungan yang tumbuh antara Ruqaiya dan Mihrunnissa nampaknya telah salah satu yang sangat lembut yang tetap begitu sampai Ruqaiya yang mati tahun 1626. Pedagang Belanda, Pieter van den Broecke berkata: "ini Begum [Ruqaiya] dikandung kasih sayang yang besar untuk Mehr-un-Nissa; Dia mencintai dia lebih dari yang lain dan selalu menahannya di perusahaannya."[21]Kematian Taman Babur di Kabul, AfghanistanRuqaiya meninggal tahun 1626, pada usia 84 memiliki hidup lebih lama daripada suaminya oleh 20 tahun. Ia dimakamkan di tingkat kelima di Taman Babur (Bagh-e-Babur) di Kabul, yang juga menjadi tempat peristirahatan kakeknya, Kaisar Babur dan ayahnya, Hindal Mirza. Makamnya dibangun oleh langkah cucunya, Kaisar Shah Jahan.[22]Sementara rekaman kematiannya dalam otobiografinya, Jahangir sayang berbicara tentang Ruqaiya, karena ia dibesarkan anaknya, dan membuat catatan status dia ditinggikan sebagai Akbar's istri pertama.[23]