Dolphin swimming has been the source of several drag reductionconcepts terjemahan - Dolphin swimming has been the source of several drag reductionconcepts Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Dolphin swimming has been the sourc

Dolphin swimming has been the source of several drag reduction
concepts. Fein @14# and Rohr et al. @17# have pointed out that
the belief that dolphins possess any secret to drag reduction is based on their seeming extraordinary speeds, which however, are
largely anecdotal. That prompted them to take a fresh look and
undertake the measurements of dolphin swimming. However,
drag reduction is not the subject of this paper, but the measurements
out of that investigation will be used here. They have conducted
careful redundant measurements of speed (U), tail beat
frequency ~f ! and amplitude ~A!. The mean amplitude A/L (0.2
60.08) is independent of speed. However, frequency f varies linearly
with speed U. The summary of the f ~versus! U data is
reproduced in Fig. 4. Linear fits to two of the four individual data
sets ~h and m! are as follows:
f50.4710.37U@m/s#~R250.72, Fish @15# ! ~h! (1)
f50.4510.35U@m/s#~R250.67, Rohr et al. @17# !.~m! (2)
Here, R2 is the correlation of fit. Note that the extrapolated mean
trends do not go through the origin. The f intercept for U50 can
be called the natural frequency f 0 . The mean value of f 0 is 0.47
Hz in Fish @15# and 0.45 Hz in Rohr et al. @17#, both for Tursiops
Truncatus. In Fig. 4, observe that the limited Pseudorca
Crassidens data of Rohr et al. fall below their Tursiops Truncatus
data and the lone Lagenorhyncus Obliquidens data from Lang and
Daybell @18# falls above, suggesting that their natural frequencies
f 0 are lower and higher than those given in Eqs. ~1! and ~2!,
respectively. However, as shown in Fig. 5, when speed U is expressed
as body lengths traveled per second, then the mean trend
in the captive Tursiops data of Kayan and Pyatetskiy @19#, given
below in Eq. ~3!, that also describes the data in Fig. 4 well, passes
practically through the origin, in other words, f50, for U@L/s#
50. ~The scatter in f data is within 60.5 Hz.!
0/5000
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Disalin!
Lumba-lumba yang berenang telah menjadi sumber beberapa pengurangan dragkonsep. Fein @14 # dan Rohr et al. @17 # telah mengemukakan bahwakeyakinan bahwa lumba-lumba memiliki rahasia apa pun kepada pengurangan drag didasarkan pada kecepatan luar biasa mereka tampak, namun, yangsebagian besar anekdot. Mendorong mereka untuk mengambil tampilan baru danmelakukan pengukuran lumba-lumba yang berenang. Namun,pengurangan drag bukanlah subjek karya ini, tetapi pengukurandari bahwa penyelidikan akan digunakan di sini. Mereka sudah melakukanhati-hati berlebihan pengukuran kecepatan (U), ekor mengalahkanfrekuensi ~ f! dan amplitudo ~ A!. Amplitudo A / L (0.260.08) independen dari kecepatan. Namun, frekuensi f bervariasi lineardengan kecepatan U. Ringkasan f ~ versus! U datadireproduksi dalam gambar 4. Linear sesuai untuk dua dari empat data individuset ~ h dan m! adalah sebagai berikut:F50.4710.37U@m/s#~R250.72, ikan @15 #! ~ h! (1)F50.4510.35U@m/s#~R250.67, Rohr et al. @17 #!.~ m! (2)Di sini, R2 adalah korelasi cocok. Perhatikan bahwa extrapolated meantren tidak pergi melalui asal. Bisa mencegat f untuk U50disebut frekuensi alami f 0. Nilai rata-rata f 0 adalah 0,47Hz ikan @15 # dan 0.45 Hz di Rohr et al. @17 #, baik untuk TursiopsTruncatus. Pada gambar 4, mengamati bahwa Pseudorca terbatasCrassidens data dari Rohr et al. jatuh di bawah mereka Tursiops Truncatusdata dan data Lagenorhyncus Obliquidens lone dari Lang danDaybell @18 # jatuh di atas, menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi alamif 0 lebih rendah dan lebih tinggi daripada yang diberikan dalam persamaan. ~ 1! dan ~ 2!,masing-masing. Namun, seperti ditunjukkan dalam gambar 5, ketika kecepatan U dinyatakanseperti tubuh panjang bepergian per detik, maka berarti trendata Tursiops tawanan Kayan dan Pyatetskiy @19 #, diberikandi bawah ini di EQ ~ 3!, yang juga menggambarkan data dalam gambar 4 Yah, Tiketpraktis melalui asal, dengan kata lain, f50, untuk U@L/s#50. ~ menebari f data berjarak 60,5 Hz.!
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