There are almost as many different

There are almost as many different classifications of vegetation type as there are textbooks in ecology and phytogeography. In general,most workers recognize six major forms of vegetation on land; forest, a tree-dominated assemblage with a fairly continuous canopy;woodland, a tree-dominated assemblage in which the specimens are widely spaced,often with grassy areas or low undergrowth between them;shrubland, a fairly continuous layer of shrubs, up to several meters high; grassland,where grasses and forbs predominate; scrub,mostly a shrubby assemblage in which the specimens are discrete or widely spaced; and desert,a very sparse plant cover on which most of the ground is bare. These terms are combined with a descriptor of the climate so the reader can envision the general nature of each biome.
We recognize 12 common terrestrial biomes,whose geographic distributions are mapped in figure 4.12. note that the occurrence of biomes corresponds approximately to the distribution of climatic zones and soil types. This reflects not only the fact that vegetation is highly dependent on the climate and the underlying soil separately but also on the influence of climate on soil formation. We briefly consider the features of the major biomes.

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Ada hampir sama banyak klasifikasi berbagai tipe vegetasi karena ada buku teks dalam ekologi dan phytogeography. Secara umum, sebagian besar pekerja mengenali enam bentuk utama dari tumbuh-tumbuhan di tanah; hutan, pohon-didominasi perkumpulan dengan kanopi cukup terus-menerus; woodland, kumpulan didominasi pohon di mana spesimen yang banyak spasi, sering dengan padang rumput atau semak-semak yang rendah antara mereka; semak, lapisan cukup terus-menerus semak-semak, sampai beberapa meter tinggi; padang rumput, mana rumput dan forbs mendominasi; scrub, kebanyakan kumpulan semak di mana spesimen itu diskrit atau luas spasi; dan gurun, sangat jarang tanaman penutup di mana sebagian besar tanah kosong. Istilah-istilah ini digabungkan dengan deskripsi iklim sehingga pembaca dapat membayangkan sifat umum biome masing-masing.Kami menyadari bioma-yang terestrial umum 12, distribusi geografis yang dipetakan angka 4,12. Perhatikan bahwa terjadinya bioma yang sesuai sekitar dengan distribusi zona iklim dan tanah tipe. Hal ini mencerminkan tidak hanya fakta bahwa vegetasi sangat tergantung pada iklim dan tanah yang mendasari secara terpisah tetapi juga tentang pengaruh iklim pada pembentukan tanah. Kita sebentar mempertimbangkan fitur bioma yang besar.