Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the most damaging pests on fruit crops on
Réunion Island, near Madagascar. Survival and development of the Mediterranean
fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Natal fruit fly, C. rosa Karsch and the
Mascarenes fruit fly, C. catoirii Guérin-Mèneville were compared at five constant
temperatures spanning 15 to 35°C. Durations of the immature stages of C. capitata,
C. rosa and C catoirii ranged from 14.5–63.8, 18.8–65.7 and 16.8–65.8 days,
respectively, at 30–15°C. The lower developmental threshold and thermal constant
were calculated using the temperature summation model. The thermal constant for
total development of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C. catoirii were
260, 405 and 356 DD, respectively. Species differed mainly during the larval stages
and ovarian maturation period, with smaller differences in the egg stage. Ceratitis
rosa appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures than the two other species
as it showed a lower larval developmental threshold of 3.1°C compared to 10.2°C
for C. capitata and 8.9°C for C. catoirii. Overall, C. catoirii had a low survival rate
within the range of temperatures studied. The different responses of the three
Ceratitis species to various temperatures explain to some extent their distribution
on the island. The results obtained will be used for optimizing laboratory rearing
procedures and for constructing computer simulation models to predict fruit fly
population dynamics.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are the most damaging pests on fruit crops onRéunion Island, near Madagascar. Survival and development of the Mediterraneanfruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Natal fruit fly, C. rosa Karsch and theMascarenes fruit fly, C. catoirii Guérin-Mèneville were compared at five constanttemperatures spanning 15 to 35°C. Durations of the immature stages of C. capitata,C. rosa and C catoirii ranged from 14.5–63.8, 18.8–65.7 and 16.8–65.8 days,respectively, at 30–15°C. The lower developmental threshold and thermal constantwere calculated using the temperature summation model. The thermal constant fortotal development of the immature stages of C. capitata, C. rosa and C. catoirii were260, 405 and 356 DD, respectively. Species differed mainly during the larval stagesand ovarian maturation period, with smaller differences in the egg stage. Ceratitisrosa appeared to be better adapted to low temperatures than the two other speciesas it showed a lower larval developmental threshold of 3.1°C compared to 10.2°Cfor C. capitata and 8.9°C for C. catoirii. Overall, C. catoirii had a low survival ratewithin the range of temperatures studied. The different responses of the threeCeratitis species to various temperatures explain to some extent their distributionon the island. The results obtained will be used for optimizing laboratory rearingprocedures and for constructing computer simulation models to predict fruit flydinamika populasi.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Lalat buah (Diptera: Tephritidae) adalah hama yang paling merusak pada tanaman buah di
Réunion Island, dekat Madagaskar. Kelangsungan hidup dan perkembangan dari Mediterania
lalat buah, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), lalat buah Natal, C. rosa Karsch dan
lalat buah Mascarenes, C. catoirii Guérin-Mèneville dibandingkan pada lima konstan
suhu mencakup 15 sampai 35 ° C. Jangka waktu dari tahap dewasa C. capitata,
C. rosa dan C catoirii berkisar 14,5-63,8, 18,8-65,7 dan 16,8-65,8 hari,
masing-masing, pada 30-15 ° C. Semakin rendah ambang perkembangan dan konstan termal
dihitung menggunakan model temperatur penjumlahan. Konstanta termal untuk
pengembangan total tahap belum matang C. capitata, C. rosa dan C. catoirii yang
260, 405 dan 356 DD, masing-masing. Spesies berbeda terutama selama tahap larva
dan periode pematangan ovarium, dengan perbedaan kecil dalam tahap telur. Ceratitis
rosa tampaknya lebih baik disesuaikan dengan suhu rendah dibandingkan dengan dua spesies lain
seperti itu menunjukkan ambang batas perkembangan yang lebih rendah larva dari 3,1 ° C dibandingkan dengan 10,2 ° C
untuk C. capitata dan 8,9 ° C untuk C. catoirii. Secara keseluruhan, C. catoirii memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup yang rendah
dalam kisaran suhu dipelajari. Tanggapan berbeda dari tiga
spesies Ceratitis untuk berbagai suhu menjelaskan sampai batas tertentu distribusi mereka
di pulau. Hasil yang diperoleh akan digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan pemeliharaan laboratorium
prosedur dan untuk membangun model simulasi komputer untuk memprediksi lalat buah
dinamika populasi.