(b) Heat capacitiesIn the early nineteenth century, the French scienti terjemahan - (b) Heat capacitiesIn the early nineteenth century, the French scienti Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

(b) Heat capacitiesIn the early nin

(b) Heat capacities
In the early nineteenth century, the French scientists Pierre-Louis Dulong and Alexis-Thérèse Petit determined the heat capacities, CV = (∂U/∂T)V (Section 2.4), of a number of monatomic solids.
On the basis of some somewhat slender experimental evidence, they proposed that the molar heat capacities of all monatomic solids are the same and (in modern units) close to 25 J K−1 mol−1.
Dulong and Petit’s law is easy to justify in terms of classical physics in much the same way as Rayleigh attempted to explain black-body radiation.
If classical physics were valid, the equipartition principle could be used to infer that the mean energy of an atom as it oscillates about its mean position in a solid is kT for each direction of displacement.
As each atom can oscillate in three dimensions, the average energy of each atom is 3kT; for N atoms the total energy is 3NkT.
The contribution of this motion to the molar internal energy is therefore
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(b) Heat capacitiesIn the early nineteenth century, the French scientists Pierre-Louis Dulong and Alexis-Thérèse Petit determined the heat capacities, CV = (∂U/∂T)V (Section 2.4), of a number of monatomic solids. On the basis of some somewhat slender experimental evidence, they proposed that the molar heat capacities of all monatomic solids are the same and (in modern units) close to 25 J K−1 mol−1.Dulong and Petit’s law is easy to justify in terms of classical physics in much the same way as Rayleigh attempted to explain black-body radiation. If classical physics were valid, the equipartition principle could be used to infer that the mean energy of an atom as it oscillates about its mean position in a solid is kT for each direction of displacement. As each atom can oscillate in three dimensions, the average energy of each atom is 3kT; for N atoms the total energy is 3NkT. The contribution of this motion to the molar internal energy is therefore
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(b) kapasitas Panas
Pada awal abad kesembilan belas, para ilmuwan Perancis Pierre-Louis Dulong dan Alexis-Thérèse Petit menentukan kapasitas panas, CV = (∂U / t) V (Bagian 2.4), dari jumlah padatan monoatomik.
Atas dasar beberapa bukti eksperimental agak ramping, mereka mengusulkan bahwa kapasitas panas molar semua padatan monoatomik adalah sama dan (dalam satuan modern) dekat dengan 25 JK-1 mol-1.
Dulong dan hukum Petit adalah mudah untuk membenarkan dalam hal fisika klasik dalam banyak cara yang sama seperti Rayleigh berusaha untuk menjelaskan radiasi benda hitam.
Jika fisika klasik yang valid, prinsip ekuipartisi dapat digunakan untuk menyimpulkan bahwa energi rata-rata atom seperti berosilasi tentang posisi rata-rata dalam padat adalah kT untuk setiap arah perpindahan.
Karena setiap atom dapat berosilasi dalam tiga dimensi, energi rata-rata setiap atom adalah 3kt; untuk atom N total energi adalah 3NkT.
Oleh karena itu, kontribusi gerakan ini untuk energi internal molar adalah
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