In many situations, such as the modern workplace, people are not only  terjemahan - In many situations, such as the modern workplace, people are not only  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

In many situations, such as the mod

In many situations, such as the modern workplace, people are not only asked to
work alone but also to work as part of a team to achieve important objectives (Ilgen,
1999). In recent years, the shift toward group work has been so pronounced that it would
be difficult to find an organization that does not describe itself as “team” based (Locke,
Tirnauer, Roberson, Goldman, & Weldon, 2000). In light of these changes, it is becoming
increasingly important to extend attribution theory from the individual (Miller & Ross,
1975) to the group level (Forsyth & Schlenker, 1977); however a straightforward
extension of attribution theory to the group level may actually be more complex than it
first appears. For instance, unlike attributions for an individual’s behavior, attributions
about groups may refer to factors that emerge as a result of social interaction (Sherif,
1935), are shared by more than one person (Newman, 1981) and are thus irreducible to
the individual level (McGrath, 1964).
Acknowledging the unique complexities that may face perceivers who try to
explain the causes of group as opposed to individual outcomes, Goncalo (2004) proposed
a theoretical framework in which there are two types of internal attributions for group
performance. Attributions for a group outcome may be focused on (1) the properties of
the group as a whole or (2) the properties of each individual group member. This
attributional dimension is important because different types of attributions for past
performance have very different consequences for subsequent performance. Attributions
focused on individual contributions cause groups to generate a wider range of novel
ideas, to consider more alternatives prior to making a decision, to share more unique
information and reach more accurate decisions when critical information is unshared
(Goncalo, 2004; Goncalo & Duguid, 2008). Yet despite accumulating evidence that this
attributional dimension is important for a wide range of group performance outcomes,
there is currently no research to address the crucial question of whether or why some
people might focus their attention on one type of attribution over the other. Specifically,
when do perceivers take individual contributions into account when explaining the
outcomes of a collective endeavor?
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In many situations, such as the modern workplace, people are not only asked to work alone but also to work as part of a team to achieve important objectives (Ilgen,1999). In recent years, the shift toward group work has been so pronounced that it wouldbe difficult to find an organization that does not describe itself as “team” based (Locke,Tirnauer, Roberson, Goldman, & Weldon, 2000). In light of these changes, it is becomingincreasingly important to extend attribution theory from the individual (Miller & Ross,1975) to the group level (Forsyth & Schlenker, 1977); however a straightforwardextension of attribution theory to the group level may actually be more complex than itfirst appears. For instance, unlike attributions for an individual’s behavior, attributionsabout groups may refer to factors that emerge as a result of social interaction (Sherif,1935), are shared by more than one person (Newman, 1981) and are thus irreducible tothe individual level (McGrath, 1964). Acknowledging the unique complexities that may face perceivers who try toexplain the causes of group as opposed to individual outcomes, Goncalo (2004) proposeda theoretical framework in which there are two types of internal attributions for groupperformance. Attributions for a group outcome may be focused on (1) the properties ofthe group as a whole or (2) the properties of each individual group member. Thisattributional dimension is important because different types of attributions for pastperformance have very different consequences for subsequent performance. Attributionsfocused on individual contributions cause groups to generate a wider range of novelideas, to consider more alternatives prior to making a decision, to share more uniqueinformation and reach more accurate decisions when critical information is unshared(Goncalo, 2004; Goncalo & Duguid, 2008). Yet despite accumulating evidence that thisattributional dimension is important for a wide range of group performance outcomes,there is currently no research to address the crucial question of whether or why somepeople might focus their attention on one type of attribution over the other. Specifically,when do perceivers take individual contributions into account when explaining theoutcomes of a collective endeavor?
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Dalam banyak situasi, seperti kerja modern, orang tidak hanya diminta untuk
bekerja sendiri tetapi juga untuk bekerja sebagai bagian dari sebuah tim untuk mencapai tujuan penting (Ilgen,
1999). Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pergeseran ke arah kerja kelompok telah begitu diucapkan bahwa akan
sulit untuk menemukan sebuah organisasi yang tidak menggambarkan dirinya sebagai "tim" berdasarkan (Locke,
Tirnauer, Roberson, Goldman, & Weldon, 2000). Mengingat perubahan ini, hal ini menjadi
semakin penting untuk memperluas teori atribusi dari individu (Miller & Ross,
1975) untuk tingkat kelompok (Forsyth & Schlenker, 1977); namun langsung
perpanjangan atribusi teori ke tingkat kelompok sebenarnya mungkin lebih kompleks daripada
pertama kali muncul. Misalnya, tidak seperti atribusi untuk perilaku individu, atribusi
tentang kelompok dapat merujuk pada faktor-faktor yang muncul sebagai akibat dari interaksi sosial (Sherif,
1935), dibagi oleh lebih dari satu orang (Newman, 1981) dan dengan demikian direduksi untuk
individu tingkat (McGrath, 1964).
Mengakui kompleksitas unik yang mungkin menghadapi perceivers yang mencoba untuk
menjelaskan penyebab kelompok yang bertentangan dengan hasil individu, Goncalo (2004) mengusulkan
kerangka teori di mana ada dua jenis atribusi internal kelompok
kinerja. Atribusi untuk hasil kelompok dapat difokuskan pada (1) sifat-sifat
kelompok secara keseluruhan atau (2) sifat dari masing-masing anggota kelompok individu. Ini
dimensi atribusi penting karena berbagai jenis atribusi untuk masa lalu
kinerja memiliki konsekuensi yang sangat berbeda untuk kinerja berikutnya. Atribusi
berfokus pada kontribusi individu menyebabkan kelompok untuk menghasilkan jangkauan yang lebih luas novel
ide, untuk mempertimbangkan lebih banyak alternatif sebelum membuat keputusan, untuk berbagi lebih unik
informasi dan mencapai keputusan yang lebih akurat ketika informasi penting adalah unshared
(Goncalo, 2004; Goncalo & Duguid, 2008). Namun meskipun mengumpulkan bukti bahwa ini
dimensi atribusi penting bagi berbagai hasil kinerja kelompok,
saat ini belum ada penelitian untuk menjawab pertanyaan penting apakah atau mengapa beberapa
orang mungkin memusatkan perhatian mereka pada satu jenis atribusi atas yang lain. Secara khusus,
kapan perceivers mengambil kontribusi individu ke account user ketika menjelaskan
hasil dari usaha kolektif?
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