During the 7th and 6th centuries bce, when choral lyric developed and  terjemahan - During the 7th and 6th centuries bce, when choral lyric developed and  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

During the 7th and 6th centuries bc

During the 7th and 6th centuries bce, when choral lyric developed and monody appeared, composer-poets brought new techniques from Asia Minor to the Greek mainland and particularly to Sparta, for a time the cultural centre of the Mediterranean world. The one approximation to education in a modern sense was the training of choruses for the many religious festivals. Usually this would have been done afresh for each occasion. Instances of special training, which may have been continuous, are also known, and these involved choruses of young girls who had been schooled in singing and dancing by such master teachers as Alcman, who had come to Sparta from Sardis, and Sappho of Lesbos. Choric instruction given to groups of young citizens must have been still another factor in the development of schools, which incorporated the old aristocratic scheme of individual relationships but were also compelled to go beyond it. The rehearsal instrument was probably the lyra, as confirmed by vase paintings in the later period. During the central classical age, after Sparta had again become a barracks state, children still received training in singing, lyra playing and dance. The Spartan educational system was militaristic like that of Crete, and aesthetic considerations were unimportant compared with the demands imposed by the city-state.
The master-pupil relationship of individual instruction in instrumental techniques may, as musicographers claimed, have existed from very early times. It had attained great eminence by the 5th century bce, when the Theban school of aulos playing introduced the profoundly influential element of virtuoso performance. In a wider context Pindar said, ‘Famous Thebes taught [epaideusan] me to be no stranger to the Muses’ (Maehler, frag.198a**1). Here the verb suggests a central concept, that of paideia, which is broader and far less formal in meaning than ‘education’, and which may be best translated as ‘culture’ (see Paideia). It parallels mousikē, which denoted a unity of sung text and instrumental accompaniment considered as the accomplishment of freeborn men. A third term, which was to become important as a connection between the other two, is ēthos (see Ethos). Belief in ‘character’ formed by mode and rhythm working together with text (logos) provided the central rationale for musical training throughout the Hellenic period.
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During the 7th and 6th centuries bce, when choral lyric developed and monody appeared, composer-poets brought new techniques from Asia Minor to the Greek mainland and particularly to Sparta, for a time the cultural centre of the Mediterranean world. The one approximation to education in a modern sense was the training of choruses for the many religious festivals. Usually this would have been done afresh for each occasion. Instances of special training, which may have been continuous, are also known, and these involved choruses of young girls who had been schooled in singing and dancing by such master teachers as Alcman, who had come to Sparta from Sardis, and Sappho of Lesbos. Choric instruction given to groups of young citizens must have been still another factor in the development of schools, which incorporated the old aristocratic scheme of individual relationships but were also compelled to go beyond it. The rehearsal instrument was probably the lyra, as confirmed by vase paintings in the later period. During the central classical age, after Sparta had again become a barracks state, children still received training in singing, lyra playing and dance. The Spartan educational system was militaristic like that of Crete, and aesthetic considerations were unimportant compared with the demands imposed by the city-state.The master-pupil relationship of individual instruction in instrumental techniques may, as musicographers claimed, have existed from very early times. It had attained great eminence by the 5th century bce, when the Theban school of aulos playing introduced the profoundly influential element of virtuoso performance. In a wider context Pindar said, ‘Famous Thebes taught [epaideusan] me to be no stranger to the Muses’ (Maehler, frag.198a**1). Here the verb suggests a central concept, that of paideia, which is broader and far less formal in meaning than ‘education’, and which may be best translated as ‘culture’ (see Paideia). It parallels mousikē, which denoted a unity of sung text and instrumental accompaniment considered as the accomplishment of freeborn men. A third term, which was to become important as a connection between the other two, is ēthos (see Ethos). Belief in ‘character’ formed by mode and rhythm working together with text (logos) provided the central rationale for musical training throughout the Hellenic period.
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Selama abad ke 7 dan 6 sM, ketika lirik paduan suara dikembangkan dan lagu penguburan muncul, komposer-penyair membawa teknik baru dari Asia Kecil ke daratan Yunani dan khususnya untuk Sparta, untuk waktu pusat kebudayaan dunia Mediterania. Satu pendekatan untuk pendidikan dalam pengertian modern adalah pelatihan chorus untuk banyak festival keagamaan. Biasanya ini akan dilakukan lagi untuk setiap kesempatan. Contoh pelatihan khusus, yang mungkin telah terus menerus, juga dikenal, dan ini melibatkan chorus dari gadis-gadis muda yang telah dididik dalam menyanyi dan menari dengan guru-guru seperti Alcman, yang datang ke Sparta dari Sardis, dan Sappho Lesbos. Instruksi Choric diberikan kepada kelompok warga muda pasti masih faktor lain dalam pengembangan sekolah, yang dimasukkan skema aristokrat lama hubungan individu tetapi juga dipaksa untuk melampauinya. Instrumen latihan mungkin lyra, seperti dikonfirmasi oleh lukisan vas di periode berikutnya. Selama zaman klasik pusat, setelah Sparta memiliki lagi menjadi negara barak, anak-anak masih menerima pelatihan dalam menyanyi, lyra bermain dan menari. Sistem pendidikan Spartan adalah militeristik seperti itu Kreta, dan pertimbangan estetika yang penting dibandingkan dengan tuntutan yang dikenakan oleh negara-kota.
Hubungan guru-murid dari instruksi individu dalam teknik berperan mungkin, sebagai musicographers mengaku, telah ada sejak awal kali . Itu telah mencapai keunggulan besar oleh Abad ke-5 SM, ketika sekolah Thebes dari aulos bermain memperkenalkan unsur sangat berpengaruh kinerja virtuoso. Dalam konteks yang lebih luas Pindar mengatakan, 'Famous Thebes diajarkan [epaideusan] saya untuk menjadi tidak asing dengan Muses' (Maehler, frag.198a ** 1). Berikut kata kerja menunjukkan konsep sentral, yang dari paideia, yang lebih luas dan jauh lebih formal dalam arti dari 'pendidikan', dan yang mungkin paling diterjemahkan sebagai 'budaya' (lihat paideia). Ini sejajar mousikē, yang dilambangkan kesatuan teks dinyanyikan dan iringan instrumen dianggap sebagai prestasi manusia merdeka. Sebuah istilah yang ketiga, yang menjadi penting sebagai hubungan antara dua lainnya, adalah etos (lihat Ethos). Kepercayaan 'karakter' yang dibentuk oleh modus dan ritme bekerja sama dengan teks (logo) yang disediakan alasan pusat untuk pelatihan musik selama periode Hellenic.
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