and mastery, belongingness and positive relatedness as important domai terjemahan - and mastery, belongingness and positive relatedness as important domai Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

and mastery, belongingness and posi

and mastery, belongingness and positive relatedness as important domains for understanding wellbeing (Ryff & Singer, 1998; Ryan & Deci, 2001). From the hedonic perspective, being virtuous and living a meaningful life can yield wellbeing as long as behaving in that manner is subjectively enjoyable. In contrast, from the eudaimonic perspective, enjoyment and pleasure are not necessary for wellbeing. Instead, people must have the opportunity to exercise personal choice, gain a sense of competence and mastery, cultivate healthy relationships, and find meaning and purpose in life.
At present, psychological research fails to empirically support theoretical arguments for differentiating between the two concepts as distinct kinds of wellbeing. Philosophers debate whether hedonic and eudaimonic conceptualizations provide a more correct account of human flourishing. Psychologists are more concerned with whether one tradition, the other, or both, best predict outcomes of interest, although some have appeared invested in promoting one or other tradition on its own as the most desirable outcome. As psychological research increasingly has taken an interest in understanding optimal functioning, evidence has accumulated that representative measures from each tradition provide complementary information (Kashdan, Biswas-Diener, & King, 2008). For example, researchers have investigated the combination of hedonic and eudaimonic indicators in relation to meaning in life (Kashdan & Steger, 2007; King, Hicks, Krull, & Del Gaiso, 2006). Results suggest that hedonic and eudaimonic elements frequently function together, and therefore that optimal functioning is best achieved through combining both approaches (Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff, 2002). Furthermore, the study highlights the relevance of investigating how facets of eudaimonia and hedonism work in unison (Kashdan et al., 2008). Although much of the research in this area has assumed that eudaimonic dimensions are antecedents of hedonic wellbeing (Kashdan et al., 2008; Zika & Chamberlain, 1992), it is also plausible that hedonic variables might bring about eudaimonic wellbeing. For example, a meta-analysis has shown that positive emotions—key indicators of hedonic wellbeing—were antecedents in attaining career success and satisfying marriages (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005). It follows that it may be most desirable to study elements of both hedonic and eudaimonic approaches when seeking to conceptualize wellbeing more broadly.
1.1 OPHI and the assessment of wellbeing
From 2007 on, the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) has sought to develop a brief set of measures that could provide a broad conceptualization of wellbeing, and of deprivation, as part of its larger Missing Dimensions of Poverty research program. The Missing Dimensions program aims to devise modules to measure five so-called ‘missing dimensions’ of poverty: quality of work, empowerment, the ‘ability to go about without shame,’ physical safety, and—most relevant to the current study—psychological wellbeing. These dimensions emerge as crucially important in the experiences of poor people but data are not systematically collected to measure them at the individual and household levels in internationally-comparable survey instruments (Alkire, 2007).1 By collecting these data and exploring the patterns of deprivations and interconnections that emerge, the aim is to provide a broad account of human flourishing that is deeply grounded in poor people’s realities (see Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, 2007). ‘Shortlists’ of indicators were
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and mastery, belongingness and positive relatedness as important domains for understanding wellbeing (Ryff & Singer, 1998; Ryan & Deci, 2001). From the hedonic perspective, being virtuous and living a meaningful life can yield wellbeing as long as behaving in that manner is subjectively enjoyable. In contrast, from the eudaimonic perspective, enjoyment and pleasure are not necessary for wellbeing. Instead, people must have the opportunity to exercise personal choice, gain a sense of competence and mastery, cultivate healthy relationships, and find meaning and purpose in life.At present, psychological research fails to empirically support theoretical arguments for differentiating between the two concepts as distinct kinds of wellbeing. Philosophers debate whether hedonic and eudaimonic conceptualizations provide a more correct account of human flourishing. Psychologists are more concerned with whether one tradition, the other, or both, best predict outcomes of interest, although some have appeared invested in promoting one or other tradition on its own as the most desirable outcome. As psychological research increasingly has taken an interest in understanding optimal functioning, evidence has accumulated that representative measures from each tradition provide complementary information (Kashdan, Biswas-Diener, & King, 2008). For example, researchers have investigated the combination of hedonic and eudaimonic indicators in relation to meaning in life (Kashdan & Steger, 2007; King, Hicks, Krull, & Del Gaiso, 2006). Results suggest that hedonic and eudaimonic elements frequently function together, and therefore that optimal functioning is best achieved through combining both approaches (Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff, 2002). Furthermore, the study highlights the relevance of investigating how facets of eudaimonia and hedonism work in unison (Kashdan et al., 2008). Although much of the research in this area has assumed that eudaimonic dimensions are antecedents of hedonic wellbeing (Kashdan et al., 2008; Zika & Chamberlain, 1992), it is also plausible that hedonic variables might bring about eudaimonic wellbeing. For example, a meta-analysis has shown that positive emotions—key indicators of hedonic wellbeing—were antecedents in attaining career success and satisfying marriages (Lyubomirsky, King, & Diener, 2005). It follows that it may be most desirable to study elements of both hedonic and eudaimonic approaches when seeking to conceptualize wellbeing more broadly.1.1 OPHI and the assessment of wellbeingFrom 2007 on, the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) has sought to develop a brief set of measures that could provide a broad conceptualization of wellbeing, and of deprivation, as part of its larger Missing Dimensions of Poverty research program. The Missing Dimensions program aims to devise modules to measure five so-called ‘missing dimensions’ of poverty: quality of work, empowerment, the ‘ability to go about without shame,’ physical safety, and—most relevant to the current study—psychological wellbeing. These dimensions emerge as crucially important in the experiences of poor people but data are not systematically collected to measure them at the individual and household levels in internationally-comparable survey instruments (Alkire, 2007).1 By collecting these data and exploring the patterns of deprivations and interconnections that emerge, the aim is to provide a broad account of human flourishing that is deeply grounded in poor people’s realities (see Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, 2007). ‘Shortlists’ of indicators were
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dan penguasaan, belongingness dan keterkaitan positif sebagai domain penting untuk memahami kesejahteraan (Ryff & Singer, 1998; Ryan & Deci, 2001). Dari perspektif hedonis, berbudi luhur dan hidup bermakna dapat menghasilkan kesejahteraan selama berperilaku dengan cara yang subyektif menyenangkan. Sebaliknya, dari perspektif eudaimonic, kenikmatan dan kesenangan yang tidak diperlukan untuk kesejahteraan. Sebaliknya, orang harus memiliki kesempatan untuk latihan pilihan pribadi, mendapatkan rasa kompetensi dan penguasaan, menumbuhkan hubungan yang sehat, dan menemukan makna dan tujuan hidup.
Saat ini, penelitian psikologis gagal untuk secara empiris mendukung argumen teoritis untuk membedakan antara dua konsep sebagai jenis yang berbeda dari kesejahteraan. Filsuf memperdebatkan apakah konseptualisasi hedonis dan eudaimonic memberikan account yang lebih benar dari berkembang manusia. Psikolog lebih peduli dengan apakah satu tradisi, yang lain, atau keduanya, terbaik memprediksi hasil dari bunga, meskipun beberapa telah muncul diinvestasikan dalam mempromosikan satu atau lain tradisi sendiri sebagai hasil yang paling diinginkan. Seperti penelitian psikologi semakin telah mengambil minat dalam memahami fungsi optimal, bukti telah terkumpul bahwa tindakan perwakilan dari masing-masing tradisi memberikan informasi pelengkap (Kashdan, Biswas-Diener, & Raja, 2008). Misalnya, para peneliti telah menyelidiki kombinasi indikator hedonis dan eudaimonic dalam kaitannya dengan makna hidup (Kashdan & Steger, 2007; Raja, Hicks, Krull, & Del Gaiso, 2006). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur hedonis dan eudaimonic sering berfungsi bersama-sama, dan karena itu berfungsi optimal yang terbaik dicapai melalui menggabungkan kedua pendekatan (Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff, 2002). Selanjutnya, studi ini menyoroti relevansi menyelidiki bagaimana aspek eudaimonia dan bekerja hedonisme serempak (Kashdan et al., 2008). Meskipun banyak penelitian di bidang ini telah diasumsikan bahwa dimensi eudaimonic adalah anteseden kesejahteraan hedonis (Kashdan et al, 2008;. Zika & Chamberlain, 1992), juga masuk akal bahwa variabel hedonis mungkin membawa kesejahteraan eudaimonic. Sebagai contoh, sebuah meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa indikator positif emosi-kunci hedonis-yang kesejahteraan anteseden dalam mencapai kesuksesan karir dan pernikahan memuaskan (Lyubomirsky, Raja, & Diener, 2005). Oleh karena itu mungkin yang paling diinginkan untuk mempelajari unsur-unsur dari kedua pendekatan hedonis dan eudaimonic ketika mencari untuk konsep kesejahteraan secara lebih luas.
1.1 Ophi dan penilaian kesejahteraan
Dari 2007 tentang, Oxford Kemiskinan dan Inisiatif Pembangunan Manusia (Ophi) telah berusaha untuk mengembangkan set singkat langkah-langkah yang bisa memberikan konseptualisasi yang luas dari kesejahteraan, dan kekurangan, sebagai bagian dari Dimensi yang lebih besar Hilang dari program penelitian Kemiskinan. The Missing Program Dimensi bertujuan untuk merancang modul untuk mengukur lima disebut 'dimensi hilang' kemiskinan: kualitas kerja, pemberdayaan, yang 'kemampuan untuk pergi tentang tanpa malu,' keselamatan fisik, dan-yang paling relevan untuk saat ini studi-psikologis kesejahteraan. Dimensi ini muncul sebagai sangat penting dalam pengalaman orang-orang miskin, tetapi data tidak sistematis dikumpulkan untuk mengukur mereka di tingkat individu dan rumah tangga di instrumen survei internasional yang sebanding (Alkire, 2007) 0,1 Dengan mengumpulkan data dan menjelajahi pola deprivations dan interkoneksi yang muncul, tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan laporan luas berkembang manusia yang sangat didasarkan pada realitas masyarakat miskin (lihat Oxford Kemiskinan dan Human Development Initiative, 2007). 'Daftar Pendek' indikator yang
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