2. WikiLeaks Continues to Post Clas

2. WikiLeaks Continues to Post Classified Materials
In September 2011, WikiLeaks (a nonprofit organization whose goal is to “bring important news and
information to the public”55 ) published more than 250,000 secret U.S. diplomatic cables on its Web site.56
Included in this cache of private communications between employees of the U.S. Department of State were
requests made of U.S. diplomats serving in overseas embassies to gather intelligence information for the purpose
of espionage. Specifically, diplomats were tasked with collecting personal information on foreign officials
including email addresses, credit card numbers, and even frequent flier account numbers.57
These documents were made public less than a year after WikiLeaks’ monumental release of
approximately 400,000 top secret U.S. Army documents—a leak believed to be the largest in U.S. history.58 The
leaked Army documents purportedly uncovered instances in which American soldiers stood aside as the Iraqi
Shiite-dominated security forces tortured Sunni prisoners. The documents also allegedly disclosed an additional
unreported 15,000 civilian deaths during the Iraq War.59 This “document dump” was in fact the third major leak
of U.S. military secrets of 2010. In April, the organization had posted a video of U.S. Army helicopter carrying
out an operation in which civilians and two Reuters reporters were killed in Iraq. Then in July, Wiki- Leaks posted
92,000 military memos that supposedly confirmed that Pakistan’s intelligence agency regularly met with Taliban
fighters.60
The United States government, meanwhile, tried feverishly to prosecute WikiLeaks and prevent future
leaks. However, the First Amendment guarantees citizens freedom of the press and very few restrictions have
been permitted by the U.S. Supreme Court. The most notable instance of that judicial restraint is when President
Richard Nixon attempted to seek an injunction against the publication of the Pentagon Papers, containing military
secrets from the Vietnam War, and the U.S. Supreme Court refused.61 In 2010, the Congressional Research
Service issued a report in which they concluded that no publisher of leaked informatio n has ever been prosecuted
for publishing the material, due to the implications for the First Amendment. As a result, the only legal action the
U.S. government could take was to charge an Army soldier, Bradley Manning, with violating the Espionage Act
for purportedly supplying WikiLeaks with the video of the helicopter and other classified documents. Prosecutors
plan to present classified documents in court to show that the terrorist group Al Qaeda has benefited from the
secret documents that Manning supplied WikiLeaks. Meanwhile, the judge has ruled that Manning, who was kept
naked in a windowless room for as long as 23 hours a day, was subject to confinement “more rigorous than
necessary” while he awaited his trial, which was scheduled to begin in the summer of 2013.62
Shortly after this third leak, several major Internet companies began to shut off services to WikiLeaks.
These included PayPal and Moneybookers, two sites that WikiLeaks’ supporters had used to contribute funds to
the organization.63 After massive denial-of-service attacks on Wiki- Leaks’ site, the organization moved to
Amazon servers.64 Within a couple of days, however, Amazon decided it would no longer host the site.65 The
following day, December 3, 2010, the American domain name system provider EveryDNS.net took the domain
offline. WikiLeaks supporters and volunteers responded immediately. Two days later, 208 WikiLeaks mirror sites
were operating.66 On December 7, Julian Assange, the editor-in-chief of WikiLeaks, was arrested in London at
about the same time on rape charges issued from Sweden.67 Assange fought extradition to Sweden and eventually
sought and found asylum in the Ecuadoran embassy in London. Even from asylum, Assange continues to vex the
U.S. government, hosting a video conference at the United Nations on U.S. efforts to combat WikiLeaks

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

2. WikiLeaks Terus Posting Bahan Baris
Pada bulan September 2011, WikiLeaks (sebuah organisasi nirlaba yang tujuannya adalah untuk "membawa berita penting dan
informasi kepada masyarakat" 55) menerbitkan lebih dari 250.000 kabel diplomatik rahasia di Web-nya site.56
Termasuk dalam hal ini cache komunikasi pribadi antara karyawan Departemen Luar Negeri AS yang
permintaan terbuat dari diplomat AS yang bertugas di kedutaan luar negeri untuk mengumpulkan informasi intelijen untuk tujuan
spionase. Secara khusus, diplomat yang bertugas mengumpulkan informasi pribadi pada pejabat asing
termasuk alamat email, nomor kartu kredit, dan rekening flier bahkan sering numbers.57
Dokumen-dokumen ini dibuat publik kurang dari setahun setelah WikiLeaks 'rilis monumental
sekitar 400.000 dokumen rahasia militer AS kebocoran -a diyakini menjadi yang terbesar di AS history.58 The
dokumen Angkatan Darat bocor konon kasus terungkap di mana tentara Amerika berdiri samping sebagai Irak
pasukan keamanan yang didominasi Syiah disiksa tahanan Sunni. Dokumen juga diduga diungkapkan tambahan
dilaporkan 15.000 kematian warga sipil selama Irak War.59 ini "Dump dokumen" itu sebenarnya kebocoran utama ketiga
dari AS rahasia militer tahun 2010. Pada bulan April, organisasi telah diposting video dari helikopter Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat yang membawa
operasi di mana warga sipil dan dua wartawan Reuters tewas di Irak. Kemudian pada bulan Juli, Wiki- Kebocoran diposting
92.000 memo militer yang diduga menegaskan bahwa badan intelijen Pakistan secara teratur bertemu dengan Taliban
fighters.60
Pemerintah Amerika Serikat, sementara itu, mencoba tergesa-gesa untuk menuntut WikiLeaks dan mencegah masa depan
kebocoran. Namun, Amandemen Pertama jaminan warga kebebasan pers dan sangat sedikit pembatasan telah
diizinkan oleh Mahkamah Agung AS. Contoh yang paling menonjol dari yang menahan diri peradilan adalah ketika Presiden
Richard Nixon berusaha untuk mencari perintah pengadilan untuk melarang publikasi Pentagon Papers, mengandung militer
rahasia dari Perang Vietnam, dan refused.61 Mahkamah Agung AS tahun 2010, Kongres Penelitian
Layanan dikeluarkan laporan di mana mereka menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada penerbit bocor INFORMASI n yang pernah dituntut
untuk menerbitkan materi, karena implikasi untuk Amandemen Pertama. Akibatnya, satu-satunya tindakan hukum
pemerintah AS bisa mengambil adalah untuk mengisi seorang tentara Angkatan Darat, Bradley Manning, dengan melanggar UU Spionase
untuk konon memasok WikiLeaks dengan video dari helikopter dan dokumen rahasia lainnya. Jaksa
berencana menghadirkan dokumen rahasia di pengadilan menunjukkan bahwa kelompok teroris Al Qaeda telah mendapatkan manfaat dari
dokumen rahasia yang Manning disediakan WikiLeaks. Sementara itu, hakim memutuskan bahwa Manning, yang disimpan
telanjang di ruang jendela selama 23 jam sehari, tunduk kurungan "lebih ketat daripada
yang diperlukan" sementara ia menunggu pengadilannya, yang dijadwalkan akan dimulai pada musim panas dari 2.013,62
Tak lama setelah kebocoran ketiga ini, beberapa perusahaan Internet besar mulai mematikan layanan kepada WikiLeaks.
Ini termasuk PayPal dan Moneybookers, dua situs yang pendukung WikiLeaks 'telah digunakan untuk berkontribusi dana untuk
para organization.63 Setelah denial-of-service serangan besar-besaran di situs Wiki- Kebocoran ', organisasi pindah ke
Amazon servers.64 Dalam beberapa hari, namun, Amazon memutuskan tidak akan lagi menjadi tuan rumah site.65 The
hari berikutnya, 3 Desember 2010, sistem nama domain EveryDNS penyedia Amerika .net mengambil domain
offline. Pendukung dan relawan WikiLeaks merespon segera. Dua hari kemudian, 208 situs mirror WikiLeaks
yang operating.66 Pada tanggal 7 Desember, Julian Assange, editor-in-chief dari WikiLeaks itu, ditangkap di London pada
waktu yang sama atas tuduhan pemerkosaan dikeluarkan dari Sweden.67 Assange berjuang ekstradisi ke Swedia dan akhirnya
mencari dan menemukan suaka di kedutaan Ekuador di London. Bahkan dari suaka, Assange terus menyusahkan para
pemerintah AS, hosting video conference di PBB pada upaya AS untuk memerangi WikiLeaks