Computer Memory Basics• Computers a

Computer Memory Basics
• Computers are digital, and represent data in
bit patterns
• Bit is shorthand for Binary digIT. The binary
system consists of two values: 0 & 1
• 8 bits = byte
• Bytes are the basic measure of storage in
computers
• ASCII Code assigns a unique character to
each pattern of 0s &1s in a byte.
• Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes

Characteristic of Memory
– Speed
– Volatility
– Acces Method
• Serial Access
• Random Access
• Paralell Access
– Portability
– Capacity

Types of Memory Chips
....
Contd
....

Primary Storage (Main Memory)
• Main memory is a temporary storage
area that holds three things…
– information you are working with
– the application software you are using
– the operating system software
• Increasing memory capacity increases
the performance of the system

Primary Storage (Main Memory)
• Types of Primary Storage
– Registers – part of the CPU; very fast; very limited
capacity
– Random Access Memory (RAM) – memory chips on
motherboard; general storage of program instructions and
data; volatile
– Cache Memory – faster than RAM; used to provide
intermediate storage between secondary storage and RAM
– Read-only Memory (ROM) – chips storing permanent
instructions needed by computer; non-volatile

Secondary Storage
• Characteristics
– Non-volatile storage of data and
instructions
– Huge storage capacity
– Cheaper than Primary Storage
– Slower than Primary Storage
– Magnetic and optical storage media

Secondary Storage Types
• Magnetic tape
– Cheap, slow, sequential access: good for backup
• Magnetic Disk
– Floppy
– Hard disk
• Memory Cards and Cartridges
• Optical
– CD-ROM, CD-RW
– DVD
– FMD-ROM

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Computer Memory Basics• Computers are digital, and represent data inbit patterns• Bit is shorthand for Binary digIT. The binarysystem consists of two values: 0 & 1• 8 bits = byte• Bytes are the basic measure of storage incomputers• ASCII Code assigns a unique character toeach pattern of 0s &1s in a byte.• Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, TerabytesCharacteristic of Memory– Speed– Volatility– Acces Method• Serial Access• Random Access• Paralell Access– Portability– CapacityTypes of Memory Chips....Contd....Primary Storage (Main Memory)• Main memory is a temporary storagearea that holds three things…– information you are working with– the application software you are using– the operating system software• Increasing memory capacity increasesthe performance of the systemPrimary Storage (Main Memory)• Types of Primary Storage– Registers – part of the CPU; very fast; very limitedcapacity– Random Access Memory (RAM) – memory chips onmotherboard; general storage of program instructions anddata; volatile– Cache Memory – faster than RAM; used to provideintermediate storage between secondary storage and RAM– Read-only Memory (ROM) – chips storing permanentinstructions needed by computer; non-volatileSecondary Storage• Characteristics– Non-volatile storage of data andinstructions– Huge storage capacity– Cheaper than Primary Storage-Lebih lambat dari Primary Storage-Media penyimpanan magnet dan optikJenis penyimpanan sekunder• Pita magnetik-Murah, lambat dan berurutan akses: baik untuk cadangan• Disk magnetik-Disket-Hard disk• Kartu memori dan kartrid• Optik-CD-ROM, CD-RW-DVD-PMK-ROM