How organizations learnI should like to use this case to explain a vie terjemahan - How organizations learnI should like to use this case to explain a vie Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

How organizations learnI should lik

How organizations learn
I should like to use this case to explain a view of
organizational learning. First, however, a few definitions
and concepts are in order. Organizational
learning is a process of detecting and correcting
error. Error is for our purposes any feature of knowledge or knowing that inhibits learning. When the
process enables the organization to carry on its
present policies or achieve its objectives, the process
may be called single loop learning. Single loop learning
can be compared with a thermostat that learns
when it is too hot or too cold and then turns the
heat on or off. The thermostat is able to perform
this task because it can receive information (the
temperature of the room) and therefore take corrective
action.
If the thermostat could question itself about whether
it should be set at 68 degrees, it would be capable
not only of detecting error but of questioning the
underlying policies and goals as well as its own program.
That is a second and more comprehensive
inquiry; hence it might be called double loop learning.
When the plant managers and marketing people
were detecting and attempting to correct error in
order to manufacture Product X, that was single
loop learning. When they began to confront the
question whether Product X should be manufactured,
that was douhle loop learning, because they
were now questioning underlying organization policies
and objectives.
In this organization, as in many others, norms had
developed that admonished people: "Do not confront
company policies and ohjectives, especially
those top management is excited ahout." Thus to
communicate the truth upward about the serious
problems of Product X would, in addition to confronting
a company policy, violate an organizational
norm. But in order for this norm to be followed it
must have heen protected by another norm that
states, "You cannot openly confront norms that tell
you not to confront policies and objectives." In other
words, in order to maintain the first norm a lot of
information about error hiding would have to be
camoufiaged. So we have norms emhedded within
norms that inhihit double loop learning.
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How organizations learnI should like to use this case to explain a view oforganizational learning. First, however, a few definitionsand concepts are in order. Organizationallearning is a process of detecting and correctingerror. Error is for our purposes any feature of knowledge or knowing that inhibits learning. When theprocess enables the organization to carry on itspresent policies or achieve its objectives, the processmay be called single loop learning. Single loop learningcan be compared with a thermostat that learnswhen it is too hot or too cold and then turns theheat on or off. The thermostat is able to performthis task because it can receive information (thetemperature of the room) and therefore take correctiveaction.If the thermostat could question itself about whetherit should be set at 68 degrees, it would be capablenot only of detecting error but of questioning theunderlying policies and goals as well as its own program.That is a second and more comprehensiveinquiry; hence it might be called double loop learning.When the plant managers and marketing peoplewere detecting and attempting to correct error inorder to manufacture Product X, that was singleloop learning. When they began to confront thequestion whether Product X should be manufactured,that was douhle loop learning, because theywere now questioning underlying organization policiesand objectives.In this organization, as in many others, norms haddeveloped that admonished people: "Do not confrontcompany policies and ohjectives, especiallythose top management is excited ahout." Thus tocommunicate the truth upward about the seriousproblems of Product X would, in addition to confrontinga company policy, violate an organizationalnorm. But in order for this norm to be followed itmust have heen protected by another norm thatstates, "You cannot openly confront norms that tellyou not to confront policies and objectives." In otherwords, in order to maintain the first norm a lot ofinformation about error hiding would have to becamoufiaged. So we have norms emhedded withinnorms that inhihit double loop learning.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Bagaimana organisasi belajar
Saya ingin menggunakan hal ini untuk menjelaskan pandangan
pembelajaran organisasi. Pertama, bagaimanapun, beberapa definisi
dan konsep adalah dalam rangka. Organisasi
belajar adalah proses mendeteksi dan mengoreksi
kesalahan. Kesalahan adalah untuk tujuan kita setiap fitur pengetahuan atau mengetahui yang menghambat pembelajaran. Ketika
proses memungkinkan organisasi untuk melakukan nya
kebijakan saat ini atau mencapai tujuannya, proses
dapat disebut satu lingkaran pembelajaran. Tunggal lingkaran pembelajaran
dapat dibandingkan dengan thermostat yang belajar
ketika terlalu panas atau terlalu dingin dan kemudian mengubah
panas atau menonaktifkan. Termostat mampu melakukan
tugas ini karena dapat menerima informasi (yang
suhu ruangan) dan karena itu mengambil korektif
tindakan.
Jika termostat bisa mempertanyakan sendiri tentang apakah
itu harus ditetapkan pada 68 derajat, itu akan mampu
tidak hanya mendeteksi error tapi
mempertanyakan. kebijakan yang mendasari dan tujuan serta program sendiri
Itu adalah kedua dan lebih komprehensif
penyelidikan; karena itu bisa disebut ganda pembelajaran lingkaran.
Ketika manajer pabrik dan orang-orang pemasaran
yang mendeteksi dan mencoba untuk memperbaiki kesalahan dalam
rangka untuk memproduksi produk X, yang satu
lingkaran pembelajaran. Ketika mereka mulai menghadapi
pertanyaan apakah Produk X harus diproduksi,
yang douhle pembelajaran putaran, karena mereka
sekarang mempertanyakan mendasari kebijakan organisasi
dan tujuan.
Dalam organisasi ini, seperti di banyak orang lain, norma telah
dikembangkan yang menegur orang: "Jangan menghadapi
kebijakan perusahaan dan ohjectives, terutama
mereka manajemen puncak gembira ahout. " Jadi untuk
berkomunikasi kebenaran atas tentang serius
masalah Produk X akan, selain menghadapi
kebijakan perusahaan, melanggar suatu organisasi
norma. Tapi agar norma ini harus diikuti itu
harus Heen dilindungi oleh norma lain yang
menyatakan, "Anda tidak bisa secara terbuka menghadapi norma yang memberitahu
Anda untuk tidak menghadapi kebijakan dan tujuan." Di lain
kata-kata, dalam rangka mempertahankan norma pertama banyak
informasi tentang kesalahan persembunyian akan harus
camoufiaged. Jadi kita memiliki norma emhedded dalam
norma-norma yang inhihit ganda pembelajaran lingkaran.
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