3.2.1 Construction requirementsThe basic principle of a mercury barome terjemahan - 3.2.1 Construction requirementsThe basic principle of a mercury barome Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

3.2.1 Construction requirementsThe

3.2.1 Construction requirements
The basic principle of a mercury barometer is that
the pressure of the atmosphere is balanced against
the weight of a column of mercury. In some barometers,
the mercury column is weighed on a balance,
but, for normal meteorological purposes, the length
of the mercury column is measured against a scale
graduated in units of pressure.
There are several types of mercury barometers in
use at meteorological stations, with the fixed
cistern and the Fortin types being the most
common. The length to be measured is the
distance between the top of the mercury column
and the upper surface of the mercury in the
cistern. Any change in the length of the mercury
column is, of course, accompanied by a change in
the level of the mercury in the cistern. In the
Fortin barometer, the level of the mercury in the
cistern can be adjusted to bring it into contact
with an ivory pointer, the tip of which is at the
zero of the barometer scale. In the fixed-cistern
barometer, often called the Kew-pattern barometer,
the mercury in the cistern does not need to be
adjusted as the scale engraved on the barometer
is contracted to allow for changes in the level of
the mercury in the cistern.
3.2.2 General requirements
The main requirements of a good mercury station
barometer include the following:
(a) Its accuracy should not vary over long periods.
In particular, its hysteresis effects should
remain small;
(b) It should be quick and easy to read, and readings
should be corrected for all known effects.
The observers employing these corrections
I.3–4 Part I. Measurement of meteorological VARIABLES
must understand their significance to ensure
that the corrections applied are correct and
not, in fact, causing a deterioration in the
accuracy of the readings;
(c) It should be transportable without a loss of
accuracy;
(d) The bore of the tube should not be less than
7 mm and should preferably be 9 mm;
(e) The tube should be prepared and filled
under vacuum. The purity of the mercury
is of considerable significance. It should
be double-distilled, degreased, repeatedly
washed, and filtered;
(f) The actual temperature for which the scale
is assumed to give correct readings, at standard
gravity, should be engraved upon the
barometer. The scale should preferably be
calibrated to give correct readings at 0°C;
(g) The meniscus should not be flat unless
the bore of the tube is large (greater than
20 mm);
(h) For a marine barometer, the error at any
point should not exceed 0.5 hPa.
The response time for mercury barometers at land
stations is usually very small compared with that
of marine barometers and instruments for measuring
temperature, humidity and wind.
3.2.3 Standard conditions
Given that the length of the mercury column of a
barometer depends on other factors, especially on
temperature and gravity, in addition to the atmospheric
pressure, it is necessary to specify the
standard conditions under which the barometer
should theoretically yield true pressure readings.
The following standards are laid down in the international
barometer conventions.
0/5000
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3.2.1 Construction requirementsThe basic principle of a mercury barometer is thatthe pressure of the atmosphere is balanced againstthe weight of a column of mercury. In some barometers,the mercury column is weighed on a balance,but, for normal meteorological purposes, the lengthof the mercury column is measured against a scalegraduated in units of pressure.There are several types of mercury barometers inuse at meteorological stations, with the fixedcistern and the Fortin types being the mostcommon. The length to be measured is thedistance between the top of the mercury columnand the upper surface of the mercury in thecistern. Any change in the length of the mercurycolumn is, of course, accompanied by a change inthe level of the mercury in the cistern. In theFortin barometer, the level of the mercury in thecistern can be adjusted to bring it into contactwith an ivory pointer, the tip of which is at thezero of the barometer scale. In the fixed-cisternbarometer, often called the Kew-pattern barometer,the mercury in the cistern does not need to beadjusted as the scale engraved on the barometeris contracted to allow for changes in the level ofthe mercury in the cistern.3.2.2 General requirementsThe main requirements of a good mercury stationbarometer include the following:(a) Its accuracy should not vary over long periods.In particular, its hysteresis effects shouldremain small;(b) It should be quick and easy to read, and readingsshould be corrected for all known effects.The observers employing these correctionsI.3–4 Part I. Measurement of meteorological VARIABLESmust understand their significance to ensurethat the corrections applied are correct andnot, in fact, causing a deterioration in theaccuracy of the readings;(c) It should be transportable without a loss ofaccuracy;(d) The bore of the tube should not be less than7 mm and should preferably be 9 mm;(e) The tube should be prepared and filledunder vacuum. The purity of the mercuryis of considerable significance. It shouldbe double-distilled, degreased, repeatedlywashed, and filtered;(f) The actual temperature for which the scaleis assumed to give correct readings, at standardgravity, should be engraved upon thebarometer. The scale should preferably becalibrated to give correct readings at 0°C;(g) The meniscus should not be flat unlessthe bore of the tube is large (greater than20 mm);(h) For a marine barometer, the error at anypoint should not exceed 0.5 hPa.The response time for mercury barometers at landstations is usually very small compared with thatof marine barometers and instruments for measuringtemperature, humidity and wind.3.2.3 Standard conditionsGiven that the length of the mercury column of abarometer depends on other factors, especially ontemperature and gravity, in addition to the atmosphericpressure, it is necessary to specify thestandard conditions under which the barometershould theoretically yield true pressure readings.The following standards are laid down in the internationalbarometer conventions.
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3.2.1 persyaratan Konstruksi
Prinsip dasar dari barometer merkuri adalah bahwa
tekanan atmosfer seimbang terhadap
berat kolom merkuri. Dalam beberapa barometer,
kolom merkuri ditimbang pada keseimbangan,
tetapi, untuk tujuan meteorologi normal, panjang
kolom raksa diukur terhadap skala
lulus dalam satuan tekanan.
Ada beberapa jenis barometer merkuri di
gunakan di stasiun meteorologi, dengan tetap
tangki dan jenis Fortin yang paling
umum. Panjang diukur adalah
jarak antara bagian atas kolom merkuri
dan permukaan atas dari merkuri dalam
sumur. Setiap perubahan dalam panjang merkuri
kolom, tentu saja, disertai dengan perubahan
tingkat merkuri dalam tangki. Dalam
barometer Fortin, tingkat merkuri dalam
sumur dapat disesuaikan untuk membawanya ke dalam kontak
dengan pointer gading, ujung dari yang di
nol dari skala barometer. Dalam fixed-Tadah
barometer, sering disebut Kew-pola barometer,
merkuri dalam tangki tidak perlu
disesuaikan sebagai skala terukir pada barometer
dikontrak untuk memungkinkan perubahan di tingkat
merkuri di tangki.
3.2 0,2 Persyaratan umum
Persyaratan utama baik stasiun merkuri
barometer meliputi:
(a) akurasi Its tidak harus berbeda dalam waktu lama.
Secara khusus, efek histeresis yang harus
tetap kecil;
(b) Harus cepat dan mudah dibaca , dan pembacaan
harus dikoreksi untuk semua efek yang dikenal.
The pengamat menggunakan koreksi ini
I.3-4 Bagian I. Pengukuran VARIABEL meteorologi
harus memahami pentingnya mereka untuk memastikan
bahwa koreksi diterapkan benar dan
tidak, pada kenyataannya, menyebabkan kerusakan di yang
akurasi pembacaan;
(c) Harus diangkut tanpa kehilangan
akurasi;
(d) bore tabung tidak boleh kurang dari
7 mm dan sebaiknya menjadi 9 mm;
(e) tabung harus disiapkan dan diisi
bawah vakum. Kemurnian merkuri
adalah sangat penting cukup. Ini harus
menjadi ganda suling, berlemak, berulang kali
dicuci, dan disaring;
(f) Suhu aktual yang skala
diasumsikan untuk memberikan pembacaan yang benar, di standar
gravitasi, harus terukir pada
barometer. Skala sebaiknya
dikalibrasi untuk memberikan pembacaan yang benar pada 0 ° C;
(g) meniskus tidak harus rata kecuali
lubang tabung besar (lebih besar dari
20 mm);
(h) Untuk barometer laut, kesalahan pada setiap
titik tidak boleh melebihi 0,5 hPa.
Waktu respon untuk barometer merkuri di lahan
stasiun biasanya sangat kecil dibandingkan dengan yang
dari barometer laut dan instrumen untuk mengukur
suhu, kelembaban dan angin.
3.2.3 kondisi Standard
Mengingat bahwa panjang kolom raksa dari
barometer tergantung pada faktor-faktor lain, terutama pada
suhu dan gravitasi, selain atmosfer
tekanan, perlu untuk menentukan
kondisi standar di mana barometer
harus secara teoritis menghasilkan pembacaan tekanan benar.
Standar berikut ini ditetapkan dalam internasional
barometer konvensi.
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