e MethThe production of methampheta

e Meth
The production of methamphetamine -- and the desire to consume it -- is seemingly unstoppable. When precursor chemicals are brought under tight control in one country, like the United States, production simply moves to another country, such as Mexico. When Mexican authorities clamp down, it moves farther south, or into Europe or Asia. Then, the finished product is shipped right back into the very countries that have waged such a battle to get it out.
Most meth in the United States is made in large labs --"superlabs"-- in Mexico. There are many small meth labs in operation in the United States, but these mostly serve to feed the habits of the amateur cooks themselves.
The production of methamphetamine has been made more difficult by federal regulations aimed at controlling the flow of precursor chemicals such as ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, as well as other necessary components. Through theft, subterfuge, forgeries, personal connections and sheer willpower, determined cooks are able to collect enough materials to make some home-grown meth.
Being determined and being safe are two different things -- almost 6 pounds (2.7 kilograms) of toxic material is produced for each pound of meth cooked [source: Snell]. This fact, however, doesn't stop crystal meth addicts from brewing sloppy batches of fuming, stinking, toxic speed in poorly ventilated environments. Houses used as meth labs are often uninhabitable afterward, and cities and states involved in meth lab busts often don't bother with seizing the property, since nobody in their right mind would purchase it at an auction, even at a steep discount. Small meth labs can be found in suburban houses, motel rooms, car trunks, in campsites or in the woods. Outdoor operations often result in water contamination and a dying-off of nearby vegetation.
Large-scale labs are often located inside abandoned barns or warehouses set up specifically for the purpose of factory-line production of methamphetamine. Although superlabs only make up 4 percent of total labs, they produce about 80 percent of the meth that winds up on the street [source: Suo].
Much as a destination can be reached by taking one of several different routes, so too can crystal methamphetamine be produced by a number of different methods. All of them, though, involve ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. The entire process can involve as many as 32 different chemicals [source: Snell].
Without getting into an exact recipe, we'll look at how large-scale operations (who are more likely to use a methodical and exact approach to their production) make crystal meth.
If the ephedrine or pseudoephedrine isn't already in pure powder form, then it must be separated from the tablets of cold medicine that contain it. To do this, the cold medicine tablets are mixed with a solvent and the solution is then filtered and exposed to low temperatures to separate and remove the inert material of the tablet.
The pure pseudoephedrine is then mixed with red phosphorus and hydriodic acid.
The red phosphorus is then filtered out (and later reused), and the remaining acid is neutralized by adding a lye solution.
A substance is added that will bind to the meth, and the liquid meth is then drained out.
Hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled through the liquid meth, making it a crystalline hydrochloride salt.
This is poured through a filter cloth, and the meth that is left on the filter is then dried.
Once dry, the meth is "stepped on" (mixed down with inert filler in order to maximize profits), weighed and packaged for shipment or sale.
This process generally takes about two days' time and can result in hundreds of thousands of methamphetamine doses.

Hasil (Malagasi) 1:

e shabuProduksi shabu-shabu--dan keinginan untuk mengkonsumsi--tampaknya tak terbendung. Ketika baku kimia yang dibawa pengawasan ketat di satu negara, seperti Amerika Serikat, produksi hanya bergerak ke negara lain, seperti Meksiko. Ketika pemerintah Meksiko menjepit, itu bergerak menjauh ke Selatan, atau ke Eropa atau Asia. Kemudian, selesai produk dikirim kanan kembali ke negara-negara yang sangat yang telah melancarkan pertempuran tersebut untuk mendapatkannya.Kebanyakan shabu-shabu di Amerika Serikat dibuat di laboratorium besar--"superlabs"--di Meksiko. Ada banyak kecil meth Lab beroperasi di Amerika Serikat, tapi ini sebagian besar melayani untuk memberi makan kebiasaan para juru masak amatir sendiri.Produksi shabu-shabu telah dibuat lebih sulit oleh peraturan federal yang ditujukan untuk mengontrol aliran bahan baku kimia seperti efedrin dan pseudoephedrine, serta komponen lain yang diperlukan. Melalui pencurian, akal-akalan, pemalsuan, hubungan pribadi dan semata-mata kemauan, ditentukan koki mampu mengumpulkan cukup bahan untuk membuat beberapa rumah-tumbuh shabu-shabu.Yang ditentukan dan yang aman adalah dua hal yang berbeda--hampir 6 pon (2.7 kilogram) bahan-bahan beracun yang dihasilkan untuk setiap pon shabu dimasak [Sumber: Snell]. Fakta ini, bagaimanapun, tidak berhenti pecandu shabu kristal dari pembuatan bir ceroboh batch kecepatan fuming, busuk, beracun dalam lingkungan yang berventilasi buruk. Rumah-rumah yang digunakan sebagai meth Lab sering dihuni sesudahnya, dan kota-kota dan negara yang terlibat di meth lab patung sering tidak peduli dengan merebut properti, karena tidak ada yang waras mereka akan membelinya pada lelang, bahkan di diskon curam. Kecil meth Lab dapat ditemukan di rumah-rumah pinggiran kota, Kamar-kamar motel, mobil batang, perkemahan atau hutan. Outdoor operasi sering mengakibatkan kontaminasi air dan mati-off vegetasi terdekat.Skala besar labs sering terletak di dalam Lumbung ditinggalkan atau gudang yang ditetapkan secara khusus untuk tujuan pabrik-line produksi shabu-shabu. Meskipun superlabs hanya membuat 4 persen dari total labs, mereka menghasilkan sekitar 80 persen dari shabu-shabu yang angin jalan [Sumber: Suo].Seperti tujuan dapat dicapai dengan mengambil salah satu beberapa rute yang berbeda, sehingga juga dapat kristal metamfetamin diproduksi oleh sejumlah metode yang berbeda. Semua dari mereka, meskipun, melibatkan efedrin atau pseudoephedrine. Seluruh proses dapat melibatkan sebanyak 32 kimia yang berbeda [Sumber: Snell].Tanpa masuk ke sebuah resep yang tepat, kita akan melihat bagaimana skala besar operasi (yang lebih mungkin untuk menggunakan pendekatan metodis dan tepat untuk produksi mereka) membuat shabu kristal.If the ephedrine or pseudoephedrine isn't already in pure powder form, then it must be separated from the tablets of cold medicine that contain it. To do this, the cold medicine tablets are mixed with a solvent and the solution is then filtered and exposed to low temperatures to separate and remove the inert material of the tablet.The pure pseudoephedrine is then mixed with red phosphorus and hydriodic acid.The red phosphorus is then filtered out (and later reused), and the remaining acid is neutralized by adding a lye solution.A substance is added that will bind to the meth, and the liquid meth is then drained out.Hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled through the liquid meth, making it a crystalline hydrochloride salt.This is poured through a filter cloth, and the meth that is left on the filter is then dried.Once dry, the meth is "stepped on" (mixed down with inert filler in order to maximize profits), weighed and packaged for shipment or sale.This process generally takes about two days' time and can result in hundreds of thousands of methamphetamine doses.