a b s t r a c tIntroduction: The ra

a b s t r a c t
Introduction: The rate of biological change in middle-adulthood is relatively under-studied. Here, we used
behavioral testing in conjunction with structural magnetic resonance imaging to examine the effects of
chronological age on associative learning proficiency and on brain regions that previous functional MRI
studies have closely related to the domain of associative learning.
Methods: Participants (n = 66) completed a previously established associative learning paradigm, and consented
to be scanned using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Age-related effects were investigated
both across sub-groups in the sample (younger vs. older) and across the entire sample (using regression
approaches).
Results: Chronological age had substantial effects on learning proficiency (independent of IQ and Education
Level), with older adults showing a decrement compared to younger adults. In addition, decreases in
estimated gray matter volume were observed in multiple brain regions including the hippocampus and
the dorsal prefrontal cortex, both of which are strongly implicated in associative learning.
Conclusion: The results suggest that middle adulthood may be a more dynamic period of life-span change
than previously believed. The conjunctive application of narrowly focused tasks, with conjointly acquired
structural MRI data may allow us to enrich the search for, and the interpretation of, age-related changes
in cross-sectional samples.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

b s t r c tPendahuluan: Tingkat perubahan biologis di tengah-dewasa relatif di bawah belajar. Di sini, kita digunakanperilaku pengujian dalam hubungannya dengan Pencitraan resonansi magnetik struktural untuk memeriksa efekusia kronologis associative belajar kemampuan dan di daerah otak MRI fungsional yang sebelumnyaStudi telah terkait erat dengan domain associative belajar.Metode: Peserta (n = 66) selesai paradigma ditetapkan sebelumnya associative belajar, dan setujuuntuk di-scan menggunakan Pencitraan resonansi magnetik struktural. Efek yang berkaitan dengan usia diselidikikeduanya di sub-kelompok dalam sampel (muda vs lebih tua) dan di seluruh sampel (menggunakan regresipendekatan).Hasil: usia kronologis memiliki efek besar pada belajar kemampuan (independen IQ dan pendidikanLevel), dengan orang dewasa yang lebih tua menunjukkan penurunan dibandingkan orang dewasa muda. Selain itu, penurunanperkiraan volume abu-abu yang diamati di beberapa daerah otak yang termasuk hippocampus dandorsal korteks prefrontal, keduanya sangat terlibat dalam pembelajaran associative.Kesimpulan: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tengah dewasa mungkin periode yang lebih dinamis rentang hidup perubahandaripada yang diyakini sebelumnya. Aplikasi conjunctive tugas-tugas yang sempit terfokus, dengan conjointly Diperolehstruktur data MRI dapat memungkinkan kita untuk memperkaya pencarian, dan interpretasi, perubahan terkait umurdi penampang sampel.