MethodsParticipantsThe initial data

Methods
Participants
The initial data set consisted of 4128 students enrolled in undergraduate courses
from the following 4-year colleges: Chadron State College, Mercy College, Peru,
and Pittsburg State University. There were also 12,599 students enrolled in the
following community colleges: Middlesex Community College, Middle Valley
Community College, Onondaga Community College, Santa Ana Community
College, Salt Lake Community College, and Tompkins Cortland Community
College. Courses included a wide range of content including mathematics, English,
psychology, biology, chemistry, business, history, education and developmental
courses. Only 15 courses included sections in which either OER (treatment) or
commercial textbooks (control) were used. Courses that included only OER sections
or only commercial textbook sections were not included in the course-by-course
analyses. The initial sample included 4909 students in the treatment condition with
11,818 in the control condition. Females represented 59.8 % of the sample.
Minority students represented 57.5 % of the sample. Ages of students ranged from
15 to 87 with a mean of 22.63 and a standard deviation of 6.8.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

Metode
Peserta
Himpunan data awal terdiri dari 4.128 siswa yang terdaftar di program sarjana
dari perguruan tinggi 4-tahun berikutnya: Chadron State College, Mercy College, Peru,
dan Pittsburg State University. Ada juga 12.599 mahasiswa yang terdaftar di
perguruan tinggi berikut: Middlesex Community College, Tengah Lembah
Community College, Onondaga Community College, Santa Ana Community
College, Salt Lake Community College, dan Tompkins Cortland Community
College. Kursus termasuk berbagai konten termasuk matematika, bahasa Inggris,
psikologi, biologi, kimia, bisnis, sejarah, pendidikan dan perkembangan
program. Hanya 15 kursus termasuk bagian yang baik OER (pengobatan) atau
buku pelajaran komersial (kontrol) yang digunakan. Program yang disertakan hanya bagian OER
atau hanya bagian buku komersial tidak termasuk dalam kursus-by-kursus
analisis. Sampel awal termasuk 4.909 siswa dalam kondisi pengobatan dengan
11.818 dalam kondisi kontrol. Perempuan mewakili 59,8% dari sampel.
Siswa minoritas diwakili 57,5% dari sampel. Usia siswa berkisar dari
15 ke 87 dengan rata-rata 22,63 dan standar deviasi 6,8.