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John Smeaton was born on June 8, 1724 in Austhorpe, Leeds, England. His father was an attorney having a law firm.In childhood, he used to make hand tools through forging and casting. He made a small lathe for turning wood and also a steam engine which succeeded in pumping out water from his father’s pond. At the age of 16, his father persuaded him to join his law firm. He started legal studies at his father’s office. Two years later, he was about to enter the legal profession formally when he decided to leave it and pursue his dream of being an instrument maker.John Smeaton was an English engineer and a physicist, famously known as the ‘Father of Civil Engineering’. He was a master at his work and a self-proclaimed Civil Engineer, an eminent forerunner of his profession. Although initially he pursued the legal profession like his father, later he decided to be an instrument maker. He gained most of his training and scientific knowledge through reading and attending the meetings of Royal Society of London. He constructed bridges, canals and harbors in addition to his works of mechanical engineering. He devised new ways for construction; whether it was the material he used for building or the technique to strengthen the rigidity of the object. Through his dedication and genuine efforts, his every project emerged as a masterpiece, a passionate work of art. He transformed the work of engineering, which was considered as a handicraft work, to a scientific process of experimenting and devising mechanisms in architectural work. He was the first person to coin the term ‘civil engineers’ and also established the first ever engineering society in the world. His earnest work is an inspiration for everyone; to be fearless of the choices they make in life and work with dedication for their dreams to come true. His career in Civil Engineering was so many like in 1752, he conducted some experiments related to power of windmills and water wheels which were successful and proved his expertise in the knowledge of science and engineering. He was chosen to build the new lighthouse for Eddystone Rocks near Plymouth, England. It was his first and one of his most acknowledged engineering projects in 1756. During his professional career, he engineered the construction of various canals, bridges and harbors including the Coldstream Bridge, Ripon Canal, Aberdeen Bridge, Peterhead Harbour and Forth and Clyde Canal in Scotland. He also contributed in building 43 mills including his most significant one at Carron Company ironworks in 1769 and he was member of Lunar Society and a co-founder of the ‘Society of Civil Engineers’ in 1771 which was renamed ‘Institution of Civil Engineers’ in 1818.One of his most notable works is of the construction of the lighthouse on Eddystone Rocks from 1756 to 1759. After the destruction of two previous lighthouses due to storms, he was selected to construct a rigid one which he did successfully. He was the first to use ‘hydraulic lime’ for its steady foundation and also developed a technique involving dovetailed blocks of granite for its construction. John Smeaton also awarded and got some of achievements. In 1753, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society through his published papers on instrument making. He was honored with the Copley Award in 1759 for his extraordinary research in the mechanics of waterwheels and windmills. In 1834, the Society of Civil Engineers, which he was a co-founder of, was renamed as the ‘Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers’ in his honor. He passed away on October 28, 1792 due to a stroke. He was buried in the parish church at Whitkirk, West Yorkshire.
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