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Lindeboom et al. (1994) documented several changes that occurred in theNorth Sea at about the same time. In addition to the changes in plankton, herring,and kittiwake Rissa tridactyla stocks reported by Aebischer et al. (1990), thenumbers of dogfish caught declined sharply, starting in 1978 and continuing fora decade. Also in 1978, the velvet swimming crab Necora puber disappeared fromDutch coastal waters. In the Wadden Sea, inshore of the chain of islands alongthe Dutch and German coasts, a sharp increase in phytoplankton and in benthicbiomass occurred in the late 1970s; at the same time the number of young eiderducks Somateria mollissima increased by two orders of magnitude. The phytoplanktonof this area showed a sharp increase in Phaeocystis blooms. All of this evidencestrongly suggests a major change in the ecosystem of the North Sea and adjacentwaters, which Lindeboom and colleagues tentatively characterized as a switch ofemphasis from benthic production to predominantly pelagic production.
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