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Use of controlled environments (Nakamori et al.1978b) and artificial wheat diets (Tanaka et al.1969, Vargas 1989) has made the rearing of largenumbers of fruit flies routine for commoditiestreatment research and control programs such assterile insect releases. Temperature control is a primarycharacteristic of such rearing systems; furthermore,it is the single most important environmental factor determining developmental rates ofthe immature stages of the majority of tephritidsin both laboratory and field conditions (Fletcher1989). Temperature effects on development andstage-specific survival influence both the quantityand quality of insects produced.This article describes a series of laboratory studiesin which these 4 species of fruit flies werereared simultaneously at the same constant temperatures.Our objectives were to quantify and tocompare major thermal effects on immature lifestages. Findings are discussed in relation to commoditiestreatment research, rearing research, andtemporal and geographical patterns of fruit flyabundance.
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