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1 Introduction
While the available core inflation measures differ in terms of the statistical or econometric tools employed for estimation, there is substantial agreement in the literature concerning the theoretical framework of reference and the properties that a core inflation process should show. According to Brian and Cecchetti (1994), a core inflation process should be highly persistent,
forward looking and tied to monetary dynamics. Coherent with the quantity theory of money, this latter property implies that core inflation should measure the inflation rate determined by the monetary authority. However, although most of the core inflation processes proposed in the literature make reference to the quantity theory framework (Brian and Cecchetti, 1994; Quah and Vahey, 1995; Bagliano and Morana, 1999, 2003a,b; Bagliano et al., 2002, 2003c; Cogley, 2002), the linkage between inflation and excess nominal money growth is only indirect, since at most either monetary aggregates have been considered in the information set, and a Cambridge real money demand has been estimated in levels (Bagliano et al., 2002, 2003c, Cassola and Morana,
2002), or a long-run relationship linking inflation and nominal money growth has been estimated (Bagliano and Morana 1999, 2003a,b), the latter leading to a core inflation process bearing the interpretation of the common permanent component in inflation and nominal money growth. Morana (2002) has recently made some progress on this issue, estimating the core inflation process as the scaled common persistent factor in inflation and excess nominal money growth, annihilated by the quantity theory long-run relationship. 1The core inflation process proposed by Morana (2002), therefore, is derived from the estimation of a structural model for inflation, granting a theoretical definition to the core inflation process in terms of monetary inflation rate.2 Coherent with recent contributions in the literature, which point to the presence of long memory and structural change in inflation (see for instance Hassler andWolters, 1995; Baillie et al., 1996; Delgado and Robinson, 1994; Bos et al., 1999, 2001; Ooms and Doornik, 1999; Morana, 2000, 2002; Hyung and Franses, 2001; Baum et al., 2001), a more accurate modelling of the persistence properties of core inflation is also allowed in this framework.
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