The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, thei terjemahan - The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, thei Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The conservatism of the early Engli

The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,” for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner.” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported. Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
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The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,” for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner.” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported. Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
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Konservatisme koloni Inggris awal di Amerika Utara, keterikatan yang kuat dengan cara bahasa Inggris dalam melakukan sesuatu, akan memainkan peranan utama dalam furniture yang dibuat di New England. Sangat alat yang pembuat New England furnitur pertama yang digunakan adalah, setelah semua, tidak jauh berbeda dari yang digunakan selama berabad-abad - bahkan ribuan tahun: palu dasar, gergaji, pahat, pesawat, augers, kompas, dan langkah-langkah. Ini adalah alat yang digunakan lebih atau kurang oleh semua orang yang bekerja dengan kayu: tukang kayu, pembuat barel, dan shipwrights. Pada sebagian besar pembuat mebel mungkin memiliki pesawat dengan tepi khusus atau pahat lebih halus, tapi ada tidak mungkin banyak spesialisasi di tahun-tahun awal koloni.
Para pembuat furnitur pada mereka awal dekade 1600-an dikenal sebagai "joiner," untuk metode utama membangun furnitur, setidaknya di antara bahasa Inggris kali ini, adalah bahwa dari tanggam-dan-duri bengkel tukang kayu. Tanggam adalah lubang dipahat dan dipotong menjadi salah satu bagian dari kayu, sedangkan duri adalah lidah atau menonjol elemen berbentuk dari sepotong kayu sehingga cocok menjadi tanggam; dan lubang kecil lain kemudian dibor (dengan bor) sampai dengan akhir mortised dan duri sehingga pasak whittled dapat mengamankan sendi - ". joiner" demikian istilah Panel yang dipasang ke slot pada frame dasar. Jenis konstruksi digunakan untuk membuat segalanya dari rumah ke dada.
Relatif sedikit hardware yang digunakan selama periode ini. Beberapa kuku - ditempa dengan tangan - yang digunakan, tapi tidak ada sekrup atau lem. Engsel sering terbuat dari kulit, tetapi engsel logam juga digunakan. Varietas yang lebih kasar dibuat oleh pandai besi di koloni, namun unsur logam halus yang diimpor. Kunci dan pelat nama baik - yang terakhir untuk melindungi kayu dari kunci logam - akan sering diimpor. Di atas semua, apa koloni Inggris awal diimpor adalah pengetahuan mereka tentang, keakraban dengan, dan dedikasi untuk jenis tradisional dan desain furnitur mereka tahu di Inggris.
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