8.4 CROP ROTATION AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENTCropping practices inlfuence S terjemahan - 8.4 CROP ROTATION AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENTCropping practices inlfuence S Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

8.4 CROP ROTATION AND RESIDUE MANAG

8.4 CROP ROTATION AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT

Cropping practices inlfuence SOM in a number of ways. Residues left in the field ultimately undergo decomposition with most of the carbon respired back to the atmosphere as CO2 and a smaller fraction retained as SOM. The rate and extent of residue transformation into SOM depends on the type, quantity, and quality of residues produced, and how and when residues are manipulated. The quantity of residues depends on climatic, soil, and fertility variables. The quality of residues depends on the plant species and development stage when killed. Residues of a primary crop can be cut, shredded, or left standing in the ield. Cover crops can be allowed to mature, mowed, rolled, or terminated with herbicides. NT management with dense mulch of previous crop residues on soil surface can be effective at controlling erosion and weeds and moderate temperature and moisture luctuation (Franzluebbers, 2004).

Crop residues management is a key point of the NT system and includes selecting crops that produce suficient quantities of residues (e.g., corn, sorghum) and introduction of cover crops in rotation schemes that provide an effective ground cover. Rather than turning under plant materials or crop residues after harvest, the residues are left on the soil surface to protect soil against the erosive forces of rainfall and runoff.

The SOC pool is a function of the quantity of crop residues, plant roots, and other organic material returned to the soil, and of the rate of their decomposition. Crop residues and other organic materials constitute a major resource for soil surface management, energy production, and other uses. Organic materials of high importance to enhancing SOC content and C sequestration are the belowground or root biomass.Some rotation crops, such as legumes, grass, or grass-legume forage crops, supply a considerable amount of root biomass, which can contribute to residue, whereas the lack of tillage and continuous soil cover of such crops decreases SOM losses by food web respiration or by erosion (Magdoff and Weil, 2004).
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8.4 CROP ROTATION AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENTCropping practices inlfuence SOM in a number of ways. Residues left in the field ultimately undergo decomposition with most of the carbon respired back to the atmosphere as CO2 and a smaller fraction retained as SOM. The rate and extent of residue transformation into SOM depends on the type, quantity, and quality of residues produced, and how and when residues are manipulated. The quantity of residues depends on climatic, soil, and fertility variables. The quality of residues depends on the plant species and development stage when killed. Residues of a primary crop can be cut, shredded, or left standing in the ield. Cover crops can be allowed to mature, mowed, rolled, or terminated with herbicides. NT management with dense mulch of previous crop residues on soil surface can be effective at controlling erosion and weeds and moderate temperature and moisture luctuation (Franzluebbers, 2004).Crop residues management is a key point of the NT system and includes selecting crops that produce suficient quantities of residues (e.g., corn, sorghum) and introduction of cover crops in rotation schemes that provide an effective ground cover. Rather than turning under plant materials or crop residues after harvest, the residues are left on the soil surface to protect soil against the erosive forces of rainfall and runoff.The SOC pool is a function of the quantity of crop residues, plant roots, and other organic material returned to the soil, and of the rate of their decomposition. Crop residues and other organic materials constitute a major resource for soil surface management, energy production, and other uses. Organic materials of high importance to enhancing SOC content and C sequestration are the belowground or root biomass.Some rotation crops, such as legumes, grass, or grass-legume forage crops, supply a considerable amount of root biomass, which can contribute to residue, whereas the lack of tillage and continuous soil cover of such crops decreases SOM losses by food web respiration or by erosion (Magdoff and Weil, 2004).
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8.4 TANAMAN ROTASI DAN RESIDU MANAJEMEN praktek Tanam inlfuence SOM dalam beberapa cara. Residu yang tersisa di lapangan akhirnya mengalami dekomposisi dengan sebagian besar yang dihembuskan karbon kembali ke atmosfer sebagai CO2 dan fraksi yang lebih kecil dipertahankan sebagai SOM. Tingkat dan sejauh mana transformasi residu ke SOM tergantung pada jenis, jumlah, dan kualitas residu yang dihasilkan, dan bagaimana dan kapan residu dimanipulasi. Jumlah residu tergantung pada variabel iklim, tanah, dan kesuburan. Kualitas residu tergantung pada spesies tanaman dan tahap pengembangan saat dibunuh. Residu tanaman utama dapat dipotong, robek, atau kiri berdiri di ield tersebut. Tanaman penutup dapat diizinkan untuk dewasa, dipangkas, digulung, atau dihentikan dengan herbisida. Manajemen NT dengan mulsa padat sisa tanaman sebelumnya di permukaan tanah dapat efektif dalam mengendalikan erosi dan gulma dan suhu dan kelembaban sedang luctuation (Franzluebbers, 2004). Manajemen residu tanaman adalah titik kunci dari sistem NT dan termasuk memilih tanaman yang menghasilkan suficient jumlah residu (misalnya, jagung, sorgum) dan pengenalan tanaman penutup dalam skema rotasi yang memberikan penutup tanah yang efektif. Daripada mengubah bawah bahan tanaman atau sisa tanaman setelah panen, residu yang tersisa di permukaan tanah untuk melindungi tanah terhadap pasukan erosif curah hujan dan limpasan. The SOC renang adalah fungsi dari jumlah sisa tanaman, akar tanaman, dan lainnya bahan organik kembali ke tanah, dan laju dekomposisi mereka. Sisa tanaman dan bahan organik lainnya merupakan sumber utama bagi manajemen permukaan tanah, produksi energi, dan penggunaan lainnya. Bahan organik penting tinggi untuk meningkatkan konten SOC dan C penyerapan adalah tanaman rotasi di bawah tanah atau akar biomass.Some, seperti kacang-kacangan, rumput, atau rumput-legum tanaman hijauan, menyediakan sejumlah besar biomassa akar, yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap residu, sedangkan kurangnya penutup tanah yg dikerjakan dan berkesinambungan tanaman tersebut menurun kerugian SOM oleh web makanan respirasi atau erosi (Magdoff dan Weil, 2004).





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