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Urban society in indonesiaDensity and changing employment requirements. By the time the dutch established a municipal government (gemeente) in 1906, giving the weternized city and the european in it special and sparate legal status, kampung residen viewed that community with suspicion and growing hostility. Popular memory, indeed, refers to the nearby gedangan revolt of 1904, in which this gruntled villagers from a sugar growing growing area declare a holy war on an european, as the specific event that brought about the founding of the gemeente, which was a tool, it was said, to sparate and protect european from the native population.Surabayan sensitivities did not mislead them, for the first decades of the twentieth century saw kampung Inhabitants separated legally ever further from the municipal government the exercised increasing control over the city. Yet at the same time, kampung folk were more and more subjected to intrusion from municipal police, medical workers, inspectors and taxes of many kinds. Put somewhat differently, surabaya's indigeneous residents were increasingly subjected to the forces of a western colonial order, but were also increasingly prevented from dealing with these forces on anything like equal terms. The gemeente become known in popular piece of world play as gue minta, literally "the cave that begs" but more nearly "the bottomless pit". In the extremely rapid physical growth of the period, kampung areas were severelly pressured by dwinlding lands and growing population, and they began to suffer economically as a result. Iron rings of western housing and business establishment grew up arround many long established kampung, hemming them in and encroaching on their lands. In most areas, fruit trees and small gardens dissapread, and both private property improvements and community projects become difficult to finance. Virtually everywhere the arek suroboyo blame the municipal government for their woes. Many kampung gained special reputations for their hostility to police and other city officials, whom residents believed were europans or eurasians though they were in fact usually javanese.In the early 1920 the general discontent of kampung dwellers began to be felt outside kampung boundaries and in the europan city. Perhaps because the place of employment, rather than the walled and artificially isolated indonesian neighborhood.
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