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Homogeneous nucleation is based on accretion of molecules in the liquid phase.
Single species (molecules or ions) come together and form dimers.
Dimers become trimers by addition of a molecule, and this accumulation process continues until eventually a stable nucleus forms depending on temperature and supersaturation.
According to the classic nucleation theory, a free-energy barrier must be overcome to form a stable nucleus.
The energy needed to form a crystal is proportional to the interfacial tension, , and the surface area.
Once a nucleus is formed, there is a release of energy (latent heat) associated with the phase change.
The free-energy change for the formation of the crystal surface is positive and proportional to the surface area (r2) and interfacial tension () between the crystal and the surrounding fluid.
The free-energy change for formation of the bulk of the crystal is negative because energy is released and proportional to volume (r3).
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