THE PLAN OF THE BOOKI do not attempt to survey the content or substanc terjemahan - THE PLAN OF THE BOOKI do not attempt to survey the content or substanc Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

THE PLAN OF THE BOOKI do not attemp

THE PLAN OF THE BOOK

I do not attempt to survey the content or substance of all the latest educational innovations and reforms. I do, however, use a wide range of specific innovations to explain the practical meaning of educational change. Included in the studies on which I draw are changes in various curriculum areas (e.g., reading, mathematics, science, social studies), computers, cooperative learning, special education, school restructuring, teacher education, schoolwide innovations, district reform, state and national policies, and so on. Locally initiated changes are well represented along with those sponsored at the provincial/state and national levels.
The book is divided into three main parts. Part I, Understanding Educational Change (Chapters 1 through 6), provides a detailed overview of how educational change works. Chapter 2 addresses the issues regarding what are the main sources and purposes of
educational change. It raises questions about who benefits from what types of changes,
and about the bases on which decisions to change are made. Evidence is analyzed that leads to the conclusion that many decisions about the kinds of educational innovations introduced in school districts are poorly thought out and unconnected to the stated purposes of education. The sources of innovation and the quality of decisions made indicate that change is not necessarily progress. Change must always be viewed in relation to the particular values, goals, and outcomes it serves. This is frequently difficult to assess in education, because rhetoric differs from reality, and consequences cannot easily be determined or measured. Chapter 2 also concludes that there is an increasingly rich source of innovative ideas “out there.” The main difficulty is how to achieve coherence in this sea of potentially valuable clutter.
Whether or not the sources of change are suspect, what does it mean to change? Chapter 3 deals with the subjective reality of coping with change, both involuntary and desired change, and makes explicit the objective reality of what we mean when we refer to something as having changed. This chapter defines what change is. Combined with Chapter 2, we see overwhelming possibilities and thus the problem of achieving meaning.
Chapter 4 identifies the main factors that relate to adoption or decisions to initiate change. There are a variety of reasons why individuals or groups decide to embark on a change—personal prestige, bureaucratic self-interest, political responsiveness, and concern for solving an unmet need. This chapter raises questions about how and why decisions about particular educational changes are made. The way in which these decisions are made strongly influences what will happen at the follow-up or implementation stage.
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THE PLAN OF THE BOOKI do not attempt to survey the content or substance of all the latest educational innovations and reforms. I do, however, use a wide range of specific innovations to explain the practical meaning of educational change. Included in the studies on which I draw are changes in various curriculum areas (e.g., reading, mathematics, science, social studies), computers, cooperative learning, special education, school restructuring, teacher education, schoolwide innovations, district reform, state and national policies, and so on. Locally initiated changes are well represented along with those sponsored at the provincial/state and national levels.The book is divided into three main parts. Part I, Understanding Educational Change (Chapters 1 through 6), provides a detailed overview of how educational change works. Chapter 2 addresses the issues regarding what are the main sources and purposes ofeducational change. It raises questions about who benefits from what types of changes,and about the bases on which decisions to change are made. Evidence is analyzed that leads to the conclusion that many decisions about the kinds of educational innovations introduced in school districts are poorly thought out and unconnected to the stated purposes of education. The sources of innovation and the quality of decisions made indicate that change is not necessarily progress. Change must always be viewed in relation to the particular values, goals, and outcomes it serves. This is frequently difficult to assess in education, because rhetoric differs from reality, and consequences cannot easily be determined or measured. Chapter 2 also concludes that there is an increasingly rich source of innovative ideas “out there.” The main difficulty is how to achieve coherence in this sea of potentially valuable clutter.Whether or not the sources of change are suspect, what does it mean to change? Chapter 3 deals with the subjective reality of coping with change, both involuntary and desired change, and makes explicit the objective reality of what we mean when we refer to something as having changed. This chapter defines what change is. Combined with Chapter 2, we see overwhelming possibilities and thus the problem of achieving meaning.Chapter 4 identifies the main factors that relate to adoption or decisions to initiate change. There are a variety of reasons why individuals or groups decide to embark on a change—personal prestige, bureaucratic self-interest, political responsiveness, and concern for solving an unmet need. This chapter raises questions about how and why decisions about particular educational changes are made. The way in which these decisions are made strongly influences what will happen at the follow-up or implementation stage.
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RENCANA DARI BUKU

Saya tidak mencoba untuk survei isi atau substansi dari semua inovasi pendidikan terbaru dan reformasi. Saya, bagaimanapun, menggunakan berbagai inovasi khusus untuk menjelaskan makna praktis dari perubahan pendidikan. Termasuk dalam studi yang saya menggambar perubahan di berbagai bidang kurikulum (misalnya, membaca, matematika, IPA, IPS), komputer, pembelajaran kooperatif, pendidikan khusus, restrukturisasi sekolah, pendidikan guru, inovasi seluruh sekolah, reformasi kabupaten, negara bagian dan nasional kebijakan, dan sebagainya. Perubahan secara lokal dimulai baik diwakili bersama dengan orang-orang yang disponsori di tingkat provinsi / negara bagian dan nasional.
Buku ini dibagi menjadi tiga bagian utama. Bagian I, Memahami Pendidikan Perubahan (Bab 1 sampai 6), memberikan gambaran rinci tentang bagaimana pendidikan perubahan bekerja.
Bab 2 membahas isu-isu mengenai apa yang merupakan sumber utama dan tujuan dari perubahan pendidikan. Ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang siapa yang diuntungkan dari apa jenis perubahan,
dan tentang dasar di mana keputusan untuk mengubah dibuat. Bukti dianalisis yang mengarah pada kesimpulan bahwa banyak keputusan tentang jenis inovasi pendidikan diperkenalkan di distrik sekolah yang kurang dipikirkan dan tidak berhubungan dengan tujuan yang dinyatakan pendidikan. Sumber-sumber inovasi dan kualitas keputusan yang dibuat menunjukkan bahwa perubahan belum tentu maju. Perubahan harus selalu dilihat dalam kaitannya dengan tertentu nilai-nilai, tujuan, dan hasil yang dilayaninya. Hal ini sering sulit untuk menilai dalam pendidikan, karena retorika berbeda dari kenyataan, dan konsekuensi tidak dapat dengan mudah ditentukan atau diukur. Bab 2 juga menyimpulkan bahwa ada sumber yang semakin kaya ide-ide inovatif "di luar sana." Kesulitan utama adalah bagaimana untuk mencapai koherensi di laut ini kekacauan berpotensi berharga.
Apakah sumber perubahan yang dicurigai, apa artinya untuk mengubah? Bab 3 penawaran dengan realitas subjektif mengatasi perubahan, baik secara sukarela dan perubahan yang diinginkan, dan membuat eksplisit realitas objektif dari apa yang kita maksud ketika kita menyebut sesuatu yang telah berubah. Bab ini mendefinisikan apa perubahan. Dikombinasikan dengan Bab 2, kita melihat kemungkinan besar dan dengan demikian masalah mencapai makna.
Bab 4 mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor utama yang berhubungan dengan adopsi atau keputusan untuk memulai perubahan. Ada berbagai alasan mengapa individu atau kelompok memutuskan untuk memulai prestise perubahan-pribadi, birokrasi kepentingan pribadi, responsif politik, dan kepedulian untuk memecahkan kebutuhan yang belum terpenuhi. Bab ini menimbulkan pertanyaan tentang bagaimana dan mengapa keputusan tentang perubahan pendidikan tertentu yang dibuat. Cara di mana keputusan ini dibuat sangat mempengaruhi apa yang akan terjadi di follow-up atau tahap implementasi.
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