The larger question raised by the phenomenon of social-movementschools terjemahan - The larger question raised by the phenomenon of social-movementschools Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

The larger question raised by the p


The larger question raised by the phenomenon of social-movement
schools is just what the attitude of the majority of educators is on questions
like democracy, pluralism, non-Muslims, and women. In an effort
to answer these questions, in January 2006 I worked with staff at the
Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) at the Hidayatullah
National Islamic University in Jakarta to carry out a survey of 940 Muslim
educators in a hundred madrasas and Islamic boarding schools in
eight provinces in Indonesia. The survey was codirected by Dr. Jamhari
of the PPIM and coordinated in the field by eight staff members from the
PPIM. The interviews were carried out by senior college students hired
and trained by the PPIM in each of the eight provinces. The full survey
had 184 questions, the aggregate results of which are too complex to
present here. However, the second column of Table 2.1 summarizes the
data that dealt with Muslim educators’ attitudes toward democracy and
the shari‘a. The first column presents data from a near-identical survey
of a thousand members of the general Muslim public in eight regions
across Indonesia. This survey, too, was carried out by PPIM researchers,
who kindly shared their findings, allowing a comparison of the general
Muslim public’s views with those of Muslim educators.
These survey data reveal several striking facts, the most interesting
of which concerns the Muslim public’s and educators’ views on
democracy and the shari‘a. On one hand, an impressive 71.6 percent
of the Muslim public and 85.9 percent of Muslim educators agree
that democracy is the best form of government for Indonesia. Equally
striking, neither the public’s nor the educators’ support is formalistic
or based on a crudely majoritarian understanding of democracy.
Rather, the public’s and the educators’ views extend to subtle matters
of civil rights, including support for the equality of all citizens
92 ROBERT W. HEFNER
before the law, no matter what their political persuasion (82.8% for
the general public, 94.2% for Muslim educators); citizens’ freedom to
join political organizations (79.5% and 82.5% respectively); legal protections
for the media from arbitrary government action (78.6% and
92.8%); and the notion that open party competition helps to improve
the performance of government (74.7% and 80%). These figures are
comparable to or even higher than survey data on similar issues from
Western Europe and the United States.87
Before exploring the public’s and educators’ views on the shari‘a,
it is important to highlight one other feature of the survey data. With
only minor exceptions, Muslim educators’ commitment to democratic
values is stronger than the already high level of support provided by
the Muslim public. The educators’ support for democracy and civil
rights should dispel any impression that the religious establishment as
a whole is a reactionary drag on an otherwise pluralist public.
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The larger question raised by the phenomenon of social-movementschools is just what the attitude of the majority of educators is on questionslike democracy, pluralism, non-Muslims, and women. In an effortto answer these questions, in January 2006 I worked with staff at theCenter for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM) at the HidayatullahNational Islamic University in Jakarta to carry out a survey of 940 Muslimeducators in a hundred madrasas and Islamic boarding schools ineight provinces in Indonesia. The survey was codirected by Dr. Jamhariof the PPIM and coordinated in the field by eight staff members from thePPIM. The interviews were carried out by senior college students hiredand trained by the PPIM in each of the eight provinces. The full surveyhad 184 questions, the aggregate results of which are too complex topresent here. However, the second column of Table 2.1 summarizes thedata that dealt with Muslim educators’ attitudes toward democracy andthe shari‘a. The first column presents data from a near-identical surveyof a thousand members of the general Muslim public in eight regionsacross Indonesia. This survey, too, was carried out by PPIM researchers,who kindly shared their findings, allowing a comparison of the generalMuslim public’s views with those of Muslim educators.These survey data reveal several striking facts, the most interestingof which concerns the Muslim public’s and educators’ views ondemocracy and the shari‘a. On one hand, an impressive 71.6 percentof the Muslim public and 85.9 percent of Muslim educators agreethat democracy is the best form of government for Indonesia. Equallystriking, neither the public’s nor the educators’ support is formalisticor based on a crudely majoritarian understanding of democracy.Rather, the public’s and the educators’ views extend to subtle mattersof civil rights, including support for the equality of all citizens92 ROBERT W. HEFNERbefore the law, no matter what their political persuasion (82.8% forthe general public, 94.2% for Muslim educators); citizens’ freedom tojoin political organizations (79.5% and 82.5% respectively); legal protectionsfor the media from arbitrary government action (78.6% and92.8%); and the notion that open party competition helps to improvethe performance of government (74.7% and 80%). These figures arecomparable to or even higher than survey data on similar issues fromWestern Europe and the United States.87Before exploring the public’s and educators’ views on the shari‘a,it is important to highlight one other feature of the survey data. Withonly minor exceptions, Muslim educators’ commitment to democraticvalues is stronger than the already high level of support provided bythe Muslim public. The educators’ support for democracy and civilrights should dispel any impression that the religious establishment asa whole is a reactionary drag on an otherwise pluralist public.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Pertanyaannya besar yang diajukan oleh fenomena sosial-gerakan
sekolah hanya apa sikap mayoritas pendidik adalah pada pertanyaan
seperti demokrasi, pluralisme, non-Muslim, dan wanita. Dalam upaya
untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini, pada bulan Januari 2006 saya bekerja dengan staf di
Pusat Studi Islam dan Masyarakat (PPIM) di Hidayatullah
Universitas Islam Nasional di Jakarta untuk melaksanakan survei dari 940 Muslim
pendidik dalam seratus madrasah dan pesantren di
delapan provinsi di Indonesia. Survei ini codirected oleh Dr. Jamhari
dari PPIM dan terkoordinasi di lapangan oleh delapan anggota staf dari
PPIM. Wawancara dilakukan oleh mahasiswa senior yang disewa
dan dilatih oleh PPIM di masing-masing delapan provinsi. Survei penuh
memiliki 184 pertanyaan, hasil agregat yang terlalu rumit untuk
hadir di sini. Namun, kolom kedua dari Tabel 2.1 merangkum
data yang ditangani sikap pendidik Muslim 'menuju demokrasi dan
syariah. Kolom pertama menyajikan data dari survei yang hampir identik
dari seribu anggota masyarakat Muslim umum di delapan wilayah
di seluruh Indonesia. Survei ini juga dilakukan oleh para peneliti PPIM,
yang dengan baik hati berbagi temuan mereka, yang memungkinkan perbandingan umum
pandangan masyarakat Muslim dengan orang-orang dari pendidik Muslim.
Data survei ini mengungkapkan beberapa fakta yang mencolok, yang paling menarik
yang menyangkut masyarakat Muslim dan pandangan pendidik pada
demokrasi dan syariah. Di satu sisi, sebuah 71,6 persen mengesankan
dari masyarakat Muslim dan 85,9 persen dari pendidik Muslim setuju
bahwa demokrasi adalah bentuk pemerintahan yang terbaik untuk Indonesia. Sama
mencolok, baik publik maupun pendidik dukungan formalistik
atau berdasarkan pemahaman kasar mayoritas demokrasi.
Sebaliknya, masyarakat dan pendidik pandangan mencakup hal-hal halus
dari hak-hak sipil, termasuk dukungan untuk kesetaraan semua warga
92 ROBERT W. HEFNER
hadapan hukum, tidak peduli apa persuasi politik mereka (82,8% untuk
masyarakat umum, 94,2% untuk pendidik Muslim); kebebasan warga negara untuk
bergabung dengan organisasi politik (79,5% dan 82,5% masing-masing); perlindungan hukum
bagi media dari tindakan sewenang-wenang pemerintah (78,6% dan
92,8%); dan gagasan bahwa kompetisi partai terbuka membantu untuk meningkatkan
kinerja pemerintah (74,7% dan 80%). Angka-angka ini
sebanding dengan atau bahkan lebih tinggi dari data survei pada isu-isu serupa dari
Eropa Barat dan Amerika States.87
Sebelum menjelajahi pandangan publik dan pendidik di syariah,
penting untuk menyoroti salah satu fitur lain dari data survei. Dengan
hanya pengecualian kecil, komitmen pendidik Muslim 'untuk demokrasi
nilai lebih kuat dari tingkat yang sudah tinggi dukungan yang diberikan oleh
masyarakat Muslim. Dukungan pendidik untuk demokrasi dan civil
rights harus menghilangkan kesan bahwa pembentukan agama sebagai
keseluruhan adalah hambatan reaksioner pada publik jika pluralis.
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