ENFORCING CONTRACTSEffective commercial dispute resolution has manyben terjemahan - ENFORCING CONTRACTSEffective commercial dispute resolution has manyben Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

ENFORCING CONTRACTSEffective commer

ENFORCING CONTRACTS
Effective commercial dispute resolution has many
benefits. Courts are essential for entrepreneurs
because they interpret the rules of the market and
protect economic rights. Efficient and transparent
courts encourage new business relationships because
businesses know they can rely on the courts if a new
customer fails to pay. Speedy trials are essential for
small enterprises, which may lack the resources to
stay in business while awaiting the outcome of a long
court dispute.
What do the indicators cover?
Doing Business measures the time and cost for
resolving a standardized commercial dispute through
a local first-instance court. In addition, this year it
introduces a new measure, the quality of judicial
processes index, evaluating whether each economy
has adopted a series of good practices that promote
quality and efficiency in the court system. This new
index replaces the indicator on procedures, which
was eliminated this year. The ranking of economies
on the ease of enforcing contracts is determined by
sorting their distance to frontier scores. These scores
are the simple average of the distance to frontier
scores for each of the component indicators.
The dispute in the case study involves the breach of a
sales contract between 2 domestic businesses. The
case study assumes that the court hears an expert on
the quality of the goods in dispute. This distinguishes
the case from simple debt enforcement. To make the
data comparable across economies, Doing Business
uses several assumptions about the case:
 The dispute concerns a lawful transaction
between two businesses (Seller and Buyer),
both located in the economy’s largest
business city. For 11 economies the data
are also collected for the second largest
business city.
 The buyer orders custom-made goods,
then fails to pay.
 The value of the dispute is 200% of the
income per capita or the equivalent in local
currency of USD 5,000, whichever is greater.
 The seller sues the buyer before the court
with jurisdiction over commercial cases worth
200% of income per capita or $5,000.
 The seller requests a pretrial attachment to
secure the claim.
 The dispute on the quality of the goods
requires an expert opinion.
 The judge decides in favor of the seller; there
is no appeal.
 The seller enforces the judgment through a
public sale of the buyer’s movable assets.
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ENFORCING CONTRACTSEffective commercial dispute resolution has manybenefits. Courts are essential for entrepreneursbecause they interpret the rules of the market andprotect economic rights. Efficient and transparentcourts encourage new business relationships becausebusinesses know they can rely on the courts if a newcustomer fails to pay. Speedy trials are essential forsmall enterprises, which may lack the resources tostay in business while awaiting the outcome of a longcourt dispute.What do the indicators cover?Doing Business measures the time and cost forresolving a standardized commercial dispute througha local first-instance court. In addition, this year itintroduces a new measure, the quality of judicialprocesses index, evaluating whether each economyhas adopted a series of good practices that promotequality and efficiency in the court system. This newindex replaces the indicator on procedures, whichwas eliminated this year. The ranking of economieson the ease of enforcing contracts is determined bysorting their distance to frontier scores. These scoresare the simple average of the distance to frontierscores for each of the component indicators.The dispute in the case study involves the breach of asales contract between 2 domestic businesses. Thecase study assumes that the court hears an expert onthe quality of the goods in dispute. This distinguishesthe case from simple debt enforcement. To make thedata comparable across economies, Doing Businessuses several assumptions about the case: The dispute concerns a lawful transactionbetween two businesses (Seller and Buyer),both located in the economy’s largestbusiness city. For 11 economies the dataare also collected for the second largestbusiness city. The buyer orders custom-made goods,then fails to pay. The value of the dispute is 200% of theincome per capita or the equivalent in localcurrency of USD 5,000, whichever is greater. The seller sues the buyer before the courtwith jurisdiction over commercial cases worth200% of income per capita or $5,000. The seller requests a pretrial attachment tosecure the claim. The dispute on the quality of the goodsrequires an expert opinion. The judge decides in favor of the seller; thereis no appeal. The seller enforces the judgment through apublic sale of the buyer’s movable assets.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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PENEGAKAN KONTRAK
penyelesaian sengketa komersial Efektif memiliki banyak
manfaat. Pengadilan penting bagi pengusaha
karena mereka menafsirkan aturan pasar dan
melindungi hak-hak ekonomi. Efisien dan transparan
pengadilan mendorong hubungan bisnis baru karena
bisnis tahu bahwa mereka dapat mengandalkan pengadilan jika baru
pelanggan tidak membayar. Uji Speedy sangat penting untuk
usaha kecil, yang mungkin kekurangan sumber daya untuk
bertahan dalam bisnis sambil menunggu hasil dari panjang
sengketa pengadilan.
Apa indikator menutupi?
Melakukan tindakan Bisnis waktu dan biaya untuk
menyelesaikan sengketa komersial standar melalui
pertama lokal pengadilan -contoh. Selain itu, tahun ini
memperkenalkan ukuran baru, kualitas peradilan
indeks proses, mengevaluasi apakah setiap perekonomian
telah mengadopsi serangkaian praktik yang baik yang mempromosikan
kualitas dan efisiensi dalam sistem pengadilan. Baru ini
indeks menggantikan indikator pada prosedur, yang
telah dieliminasi tahun ini. Peringkat ekonomi
pada kemudahan kontrak menegakkan ditentukan oleh
menyortir jarak mereka dengan skor perbatasan. Skor ini
adalah rata-rata sederhana dari jarak ke perbatasan
skor untuk masing-masing indikator komponen.
Perselisihan dalam studi kasus melibatkan pelanggaran dari
kontrak penjualan antara 2 perusahaan domestik. The
studi kasus mengasumsikan bahwa pengadilan mendengar seorang ahli
kualitas barang dalam sengketa. Ini membedakan
kasus dari penegakan utang sederhana. Untuk membuat
data pembanding di seluruh ekonomi, Doing Business
menggunakan beberapa asumsi tentang kasus ini:
 Sengketa menyangkut transaksi yang sah
antara dua bisnis (Penjual dan Pembeli),
keduanya terletak di terbesar perekonomian
kota bisnis. Untuk 11 ekonomi data
juga dikumpulkan untuk kedua terbesar
kota bisnis.
 Perintah pembeli custom-made barang,
kemudian gagal membayar.
 Nilai dari sengketa adalah 200% dari
pendapatan per kapita atau setara dalam lokal
mata uang USD 5.000, mana yang lebih besar.
 penjual menggugat pembeli sebelum pengadilan
dengan yurisdiksi atas kasus komersial senilai
200% dari pendapatan per kapita atau $ 5.000.
 penjual meminta lampiran praperadilan untuk
mengamankan klaim.
 sengketa pada kualitas barang
membutuhkan pendapat ahli.
 hakim memutuskan mendukung penjual; ada
ada banding.
 Penjual memberlakukan putusan melalui
penjualan umum aset bergerak pembeli.
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