During the early 2000s, orangutan h

During the early 2000s, orangutan habitat has decreased rapidly due to logging and forest fires, as well as fragmentation by roads.[69][70] A major factor in that period of time has been the conversion of vast areas of tropical forest to palm oil plantations in response to international demand. Palm oil is used for cooking, cosmetics, mechanics, and biodiesel.[70] Hunting is also a major problem[69][70] as is the illegal pet trade.[69][70] Orangutans may be killed for the bushmeat trade, crop protection, or for use for traditional medicine. Orangutan bones are secretly traded in souvenir shops in several cities in Kalimantan, Indonesia.[74] Mother orangutans are killed so their infants can be sold as pets, and many of these infants die without the help of their mother.[75] Since 2004, several pet orangutans were confiscated by local authorities and sent to rehabilitation centres.[70]

Conservation centres and organisations

Researcher of orangutans Birutė Galdikas presenting her book on the animal
A number of organisations are working for the rescue, rehabilitation and reintroduction of orangutans. The largest of these is the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, founded by conservationist Willie Smits. It is audited by a multinational auditor company[76] and operates a number of large projects, such as the Nyaru Menteng Rehabilitation Program founded by conservationist Lone Drøscher Nielsen.[77][78]

Other major conservation centres in Indonesia include those at Tanjung Puting National Park and Sebangau National Park in Central Kalimantan, Kutai in East Kalimantan, Gunung Palung National Park in West Kalimantan, and Bukit Lawang in the Gunung Leuser National Park on the border of Aceh and North Sumatra. In Malaysia, conservation areas include Semenggoh Wildlife Centre in Sarawak and Matang Wildlife Centre also in Sarawak, and the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary near Sandakan in Sabah.[79] Major conservation centres that are headquartered outside of the orangutan's home countries; include Frankfurt Zoological Society, Orangutan Foundation International, which was founded by Birutė Galdikas,[80] and the Australian Orangutan Project.[81]

Conservation organisations such as Orangutan Land Trust work with the palm oil industry to improve sustainability and encourages the industry to establish conservation areas for orangutans.[82] It works to bring different stakeholders together to achieve conservation of the species and its habitat.[83]

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Selama 2000-an, habitat orangutan telah menurun dengan cepat karena penebangan dan kebakaran hutan, serta fragmentasi oleh jalan. [69] [70] Faktor utama dalam periode waktu telah konversi wilayah luas hutan tropis untuk kelapa perkebunan kelapa dalam menanggapi permintaan internasional. Minyak sawit digunakan untuk memasak, kosmetik, mekanik, dan biodiesel. [70] Hunting juga merupakan masalah besar [69] [70] seperti perdagangan hewan peliharaan ilegal. [69] [70] Orangutan dapat dibunuh untuk perdagangan daging satwa liar , perlindungan tanaman, atau untuk digunakan untuk obat tradisional. Tulang orangutan yang diam-diam diperdagangkan di toko-toko suvenir di beberapa kota di Kalimantan, Indonesia. [74] Ibu orangutan dibunuh sehingga bayi mereka bisa dijual sebagai hewan peliharaan, dan banyak dari bayi ini mati tanpa bantuan ibu mereka. [75] Sejak tahun 2004 , beberapa orangutan hewan peliharaan disita oleh otoritas lokal dan dikirim ke pusat rehabilitasi. [70] pusat Konservasi dan organisasi Peneliti orangutan Birute Galdikas menyajikan bukunya pada hewan Sejumlah organisasi yang bekerja untuk penyelamatan, rehabilitasi dan reintroduksi orangutan. Yang terbesar adalah Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, yang didirikan oleh konservasionis Willie Smits. Hal ini diaudit oleh auditor perusahaan multinasional [76] dan mengoperasikan sejumlah proyek besar, seperti Nyaru Menteng Program Rehabilitasi didirikan oleh pelestari Lone Drøscher Nielsen. [77] [78] pusat konservasi utama lainnya di Indonesia termasuk yang di Tanjung Puting Taman Nasional dan Taman Nasional Sebangau di Kalimantan Tengah, Kutai di Kalimantan Timur, Taman Nasional Gunung Palung di Kalimantan Barat, dan Bukit Lawang di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser di perbatasan Aceh dan Sumatera Utara. Di Malaysia, kawasan konservasi termasuk Semenggoh Wildlife Centre di Sarawak dan Matang Wildlife Centre juga di Sarawak, dan Suaka Orang Utan Sepilok dekat Sandakan di Sabah [79] pusat konservasi utama yang berkantor pusat di luar negara asal orangutan.; termasuk Frankfurt Zoological Society, Orangutan Foundation International, yang didirikan oleh Birute Galdikas, [80] dan Australia Orangutan Project. [81] Organisasi konservasi seperti Orangutan Land Trust bekerja dengan industri kelapa sawit untuk meningkatkan kesinambungan dan mendorong industri untuk membangun kawasan konservasi untuk orangutan. [82] Ia bekerja untuk membawa para pemangku kepentingan yang berbeda bersama-sama untuk mencapai konservasi spesies dan habitatnya. [83]