10Application of High-Performance LiquidChromatography in Environmenta terjemahan - 10Application of High-Performance LiquidChromatography in Environmenta Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

10Application of High-Performance L

10
Application of High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography in Environmental Analysis
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a common analytical
technique that is used to determine a wide range of organic compounds. Its
application is widespread in industries such as dyes, paints, and pharmaceuticals.
More than two-thirds of all organic compounds can be analyzed
using HPLC methods. Its application in environmental analyses, however,
has been relatively recent. Only a limited number of U.S. EPA methods are
based on HPLC techniques.
Th e basic components of an HPLC system are (1) a pump with a constant
fl ow control, (2) a high-pressure injection valve, (3) a chromatographic
column, (4) a detector, and (5) a strip-chart recorder or a data system for
measuring peak areas and retention times. Calibration standards are prepared
at various concentrations and the retention times and peak areas of
the analytes are compared against the standard solutions of analytes for
their identifi cations and quantitations.
Th e analytes are separated by adsorption to a polar or nonpolar support
surface or by partition into a stationary liquid phase. Silica is the most
common polar adsorbent. HPLC involves the separation of compounds
by partition on a stationary liquid phase, bonded to a support. Th e support,
such as silica, is derivatized with a functional group that is covalently
attached to the surface and is more stable than any coated phase. Such
bonded phases can be used with most solvents and buff ers. A mobile liquid
phase transports the sample into the column where individual compounds
are selectively retained on the stationary liquid phase and thus
separated.
In normal phase liquid chromatography, a bonded polar surface, such
as cyano-, diol-, or amino group bound to silica is employed, while the
mobile phase is nonpolar. Such a technique is commonly used to separate
steroids, afl atoxins, saccharides, and thalidomide. On the other
hand, reversed phase liquid chromatography, a highly versatile technique
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10Application of High-Performance LiquidChromatography in Environmental AnalysisHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a common analyticaltechnique that is used to determine a wide range of organic compounds. Itsapplication is widespread in industries such as dyes, paints, and pharmaceuticals.More than two-thirds of all organic compounds can be analyzedusing HPLC methods. Its application in environmental analyses, however,has been relatively recent. Only a limited number of U.S. EPA methods arebased on HPLC techniques.Th e basic components of an HPLC system are (1) a pump with a constantfl ow control, (2) a high-pressure injection valve, (3) a chromatographiccolumn, (4) a detector, and (5) a strip-chart recorder or a data system formeasuring peak areas and retention times. Calibration standards are preparedat various concentrations and the retention times and peak areas ofthe analytes are compared against the standard solutions of analytes fortheir identifi cations and quantitations.Th e analytes are separated by adsorption to a polar or nonpolar supportsurface or by partition into a stationary liquid phase. Silica is the mostcommon polar adsorbent. HPLC involves the separation of compoundsby partition on a stationary liquid phase, bonded to a support. Th e support,such as silica, is derivatized with a functional group that is covalentlyattached to the surface and is more stable than any coated phase. Suchbonded phases can be used with most solvents and buff ers. A mobile liquidphase transports the sample into the column where individual compoundsare selectively retained on the stationary liquid phase and thusseparated.In normal phase liquid chromatography, a bonded polar surface, suchas cyano-, diol-, or amino group bound to silica is employed, while themobile phase is nonpolar. Such a technique is commonly used to separatesteroids, afl atoxins, saccharides, and thalidomide. On the otherhand, reversed phase liquid chromatography, a highly versatile technique
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10
Aplikasi High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography dalam Analisis Lingkungan
kromatografi cair Kinerja tinggi (HPLC) adalah analisis umum
teknik yang digunakan untuk menentukan berbagai senyawa organik. Its
aplikasi yang luas dalam industri seperti pewarna, cat, dan obat-obatan.
Lebih dari dua-pertiga dari semua senyawa organik dapat dianalisis
menggunakan metode HPLC. Penerapannya dalam analisis lingkungan, bagaimanapun,
telah relatif baru. Hanya sejumlah metode US EPA yang
didasarkan pada teknik HPLC.
Th e komponen dasar dari sistem HPLC adalah (1) pompa dengan konstan
kontrol aliran, (2) katup injeksi tekanan tinggi, (3) kromatografi sebuah
kolom, (4) detektor, dan (5) perekam strip-chart atau sistem data untuk
mengukur luas puncak dan waktu retensi. Standar kalibrasi disusun
pada berbagai konsentrasi dan waktu retensi dan luas puncak dari
analit dibandingkan terhadap larutan standar analit untuk
kation identifi dan quantitations.
e analit Th dipisahkan oleh adsorpsi dengan dukungan kutub atau nonpolar
permukaan atau partisi ke fase cair stasioner. Silica adalah yang paling
adsorben polar umum. HPLC melibatkan pemisahan senyawa
dengan partisi pada fase cair stasioner, terikat dukungan. E dukungan Th,
seperti silika, yang diderivatisasi dengan kelompok fungsional yang kovalen
melekat pada permukaan dan lebih stabil daripada fase dilapisi. Seperti
fase terikat dapat digunakan dengan sebagian besar pelarut dan ers penggemar. Sebuah cairan ponsel
fase mengangkut sampel ke dalam kolom di mana senyawa individu
secara selektif dipertahankan pada fase cair stasioner dan dengan demikian
dipisahkan.
Dalam kromatografi cair fase normal, permukaan kutub terikat, seperti
sebagai siano, diol-, atau gugus amino terikat silika digunakan, sedangkan
fase mobile nonpolar. Teknik seperti ini biasanya digunakan untuk memisahkan
steroid, atoxins afl, sakarida, dan thalidomide. Di sisi lain
tangan, terbalik kromatografi cair fase, teknik yang sangat serbaguna
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