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Many students with Asperger's syndrome also display a rather unique profile of cognitive strengths and weaknesses associated with right hemi-spheric dysfunction, and this type of learning profile has been thoroughly described in the literature as Nonverbal Learning Disability Syndrome (Rourke, van der Vlugt, Rourke, 2002). This syndrome generally consists of cognitive features such as markedly stronger verbal skills than nonverbal reasoning skills, poor gross and fine motor coordination, difficulties learning new information and recognizing its applicability to previously learned information, social skill deficits related to difficulties in understanding the perspective of others and understanding nonverbal social cues such as facial expressions and body postures, and impaired ability to engage in novel reasoning (Rourke et al., 2002). Of further interest, the syndrome of Non-verbal Learning Disability (NLD) has been described by Rourke (1995) as a "final common pathway" for many other disorders—meaning that the unique cognitive profile characterized by this label often results from a wide variety of genetic, metabolic, acquired, and neurodevelopmental dis-orders. Examples include but are not limited to: Sotos syndrome, Williams syndrome, Callosal Agenesis, Early Hydrocephalus, Noonan's syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Turner syndrome, Congenital Hypothyroidism, and Traumatic Brain Injury (Rourke, 1995). Conditions involving seizures, exposure to ingested or environmental toxins, and traumatic brain injuries also result in highly individualized profiles of cognitive deficits that are inherently unpredictable in nature and often dynamic in their course. While individuals with these types of condi-tions often display symptoms that overlap with those of LDs, they often require highly individualized approaches to instruction in order to learn new information or skills, frequently need assistance relating new skills or information to previously acquired skills and often require support to retrieve and/or demonstrate previously acquired knowledge (Della Toffalo, 2006). Fortunately, students who manifest these types of disorders constitute a relatively small percentage of children; however, they are at great risk for having their educational needs neglected if not provided with an appropri-ate assessment detailing their unique needs as a first step toward meeting them. Clearly, an inflexible implementation of RTI in which students progressed through each of the tiers in lock-step fashion before being comprehensively assessed would almost certainly result in a wait-to-fail scenario for such students. Even worse, such students are at risk for having their unique educational needs go undetected by the measures used for Tier 1 school-wide screenings, which, at present, are heavily biased toward reading skills.
Make no mistake, this hybrid or integrated model of identifying (and serving) students with Ws does not arrive prepackaged along with dozens
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