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Gempa bumiKebanyakan bahaya mematikan alamiGempa bumi. Yang paling bahaya mematikan alami. Menyerang tanpa peringatan sebelumnya, meninggalkan bencana di belakang mereka dengan kerugian yang mengerikan dari kehidupan manusia serta kerugian ekonomi.Secara teknis, gempa bumi (juga dikenal sebagai tremor, gempa atau gempa) adalah semacam getaran melalui kerak bumi. Gerakan-gerakan ini kuat memicu pelepasan cepat dari energi yang menciptakan gelombang seismik yang perjalanan melalui bumi. Gempa bumi biasanya singkat, tetapi mungkin mengulangi selama jangka panjang waktu (ilmu bumi 2001).Gempa bumi diklasifikasikan sebagai besar dan kecil. Gempa bumi besar biasanya mulai dengan getaran sedikit tapi dengan cepat mengambil bentuk kekerasan shock. Getaran dari gempa besar yang berlangsung selama beberapa hari, dikenal sebagai gempa susulan. Gempa bumi kecil yang biasanya sedikit getaran dan tidak menyebabkan banyak kerusakan. Gempa bumi besar dikenal untuk mencatat bangunan dan menyebabkan kematian dan cedera (richter 1935). Menurut beberapa statictics, mungkin ada rata-rata 500.000 gempa bumi setiap tahun tetapi hanya sekitar 100.000 dapat dirasakan dan sekitar 100 atau begitu dapat menyebabkan kerusakan setiap tahun.studi tentang gempa bumi disebut seismologi. seismologi studi frekuensi, jenis dan ukuran gempa bumi. gempa bumi diukur menggunakan obsevations oleh seismometers. besarnya gempa bumi dan intensitas yang dicatatkan pada skala numerik yang dikenal sebagai skala Richter. pada skala ini, 6.5 dapat menyebabkan kerusakan berat. (Ilmu bumi. 2001)the effects of an earthquake are strongest in the area which is near its epicenter. the extent of the earthquake vibration and further damage to the region is partly dependent on the features of the ground. the worst possible damage occurs in the densely populated areas where structures are not built to withstand intense shaking. damage and loss of life incurred during earthwuake is due to falling buildings and flying glass adn objects. in certain areas, an earthwuake can cause mudslides that can bury areas under it. powerful submarine earthquake cause tsunami or a chain of fast moving waves in the ocean that ripple outward from earthquake epicenter towards coastal areas causing surmountable damage. on a average, 1,000 earthquakes with intensities of 5.0 or greater than recorded each yearas indonesia is situated in the "Ring of Fire", it is not more prone to earthquakes. according to United States geological survey (USGS, earthquake hazards program), till now Indonesia has witnessed five great earthquakes with the magnitude ranging from 8.5 to 9.1. these earthquake cause major destruction in the places they occurred. one of the major earthquakes that hit Indonesia was "2004 Indian Ocean tsunami). it was the deadliest natural disaster in the area. its magnitude was 9.1-9.3. heavy loss of human lives was witnessed and damage was felt as far as east coast of Africa (http://www.USGS.Org)earthquakaes have been a source of terror to people since ancient times, but only for the last few hundred years serious attempts have been made to understand them. many methods have been developed to predict earthquakes despite all the research efforts by seismologists. the prediction cannot be made to a spesific day or month. in future perhaps scientists will be able to predict earthquakes exactly but for now science has yet to provide answers.
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