Hudson TaylorFrom Wikipedia, the fr

Hudson Taylor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the missionary to China. For the wrestler, see Hudson Taylor (wrestler). For the band, see Hudson Taylor (musician).
James Hudson Taylor
J Hudson Taylor 1865.jpg
Missionary to China
Born 21 May 1832
Barnsley, Yorkshire, England
Died 3 June 1905 (aged 73)
Changsha, Hunan, Qing China
Education Royal College of Surgeons
Title MRCS FRGS
Spouse(s) Maria Jane Taylor
(née Dyer);
Jennie Taylor
(née Faulding)
Parents James Taylor
Amelia Hudson
This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
James Hudson Taylor (Chinese: 戴德生) (21 May 1832 – 3 June 1905) was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China and founder of the China Inland Mission (CIM) (now OMF International). Taylor spent 51 years in China. The society that he began was responsible for bringing over 800 missionaries to the country who began 125 schools[1] and directly resulted in 18,000 Christian conversions, as well as the establishment of more than 300 stations of work with more than 500 local helpers in all eighteen provinces.[2]

Taylor was known for his sensitivity to Chinese culture and zeal for evangelism. He adopted wearing native Chinese clothing even though this was rare among missionaries of that time. Under his leadership, the CIM was singularly non-denominational in practice and accepted members from all Protestant groups, including individuals from the working class and single women as well as multinational recruits. Primarily because of the CIM's campaign against the Opium trade, Taylor has been referred to as one of the most significant Europeans to visit China in the 19th Century.[3] Historian Ruth Tucker summarises the theme of his life:

No other missionary in the nineteen centuries since the Apostle Paul has had a wider vision and has carried out a more systematised plan of evangelising a broad geographical area than Hudson Taylor.[4]

Taylor was able to preach in several varieties of Chinese, including Mandarin, Chaozhou, and the Wu dialects of Shanghai and Ningbo. The last of these he knew well enough to help prepare a colloquial edition of the New Testament written in it.[5]

Contents [hide]
1 Youth and early work
2 First visit to China
3 Family and China Inland Mission
4 Return to China
5 Riot in Yangzhou
6 Loss of Maria
7 Boxer crisis
8 Final years
9 Legacy
10 Theology
11 Chronology
12 Works
13 Archives
14 Notes
15 Further reading
16 External links
Youth and early work[edit]

Hudson Taylor at age 21

Hudson Taylor worked at Dr. Hardey's, and lodged for a time at his brother's home Mr Richard Hardey, 16 Kingston Square, Hull (top) and then moved and lived in the near poverty of Drainside
Taylor was born on 21 May 1832 the son of a chemist (pharmacist) and Methodist lay preacher James Taylor and his wife, Amelia (Hudson), but as a young man he ran away from the Christian beliefs of his parents. At seventeen, after reading an evangelistic tract pamphlet entitled "Poor Richard",[6] he professed faith in Christ, and in December 1849, he committed himself to going to China as a missionary.[7] At this time he came into contact with Edward Cronin of Kensington—one of the members of the first missionary party of the Plymouth Brethren to Baghdad. It is believed that Taylor learned his faith mission principles from his contact with the Brethren.[citation needed] Taylor was able to borrow a copy of China: Its State and Prospects by Walter Henry Medhurst, which he quickly read. About this time, he began studying the languages of Mandarin, Greek, Hebrew, and Latin.

In 1851, he moved to a poor neighbourhood in Kingston upon Hull to be a medical assistant with Robert Hardey, and began preparing himself for a life of faith and service, devoting himself to the poor and exercising faith that God would provide for his needs. He practised distributing gospel tracts and open-air preaching among the poor.[citation needed] He was baptised by Andrew John Jukes of the Plymouth Brethren in the Hull Brethren Assembly in 1852, and convinced his sister Amelia to also take adult baptism.[8]

In 1852 he began studying medicine at the Royal London Hospital in Whitechapel, London, as preparation for working in China. The great interest awakened in England about China through the civil war, which was then erroneously supposed to be a mass movement toward Christianity, together with the glowing but exaggerated reports made by Karl Gützlaff concerning China's accessibility, led to the founding of the Chinese Evangelisation Society, to the service of which Hudson Taylor offered himself as their first missionary.

First visit to China[edit]

Hudson Taylor travelled by boat around the canals and waterways of China, preaching and distributing Bibles
Taylor left England on 19 September 1853 before completing his medical studies, arriving in Shanghai, China, on 1 March 1854. The nearly disastrous voyage aboard the clipper Dumfries through an Easterly passage near Buru Island lasted about five months. In China, he was immediately faced with civil war, throwing his first year there into turmoil.

Taylor made 18 preaching tours in the vicinity of Shanghai starting in 1855, and was often poorly received by the people, even though he brought with him medical supplies and skills. He made a decision to adopt the native Chinese clothes and queue (pigtail) with shaven forehead, however, and was then able to gain an audience without creating a disturbance. Previous to this, Taylor realised that wherever he went he was being referred to as a "black devil" because of the overcoat he wore. He distributed thousands of Chinese Gospel tracts and portions of Scripture in and around Shanghai. During his stay in Shanghai, he also adopted and cared for a Chinese boy named Hanban.

Scottish evangelist, William Chalmers Burns, of the English Presbyterian Mission began work in Shantou, and for a period Taylor joined him there. After leaving he later found that all of his medical supplies, being stored in Shanghai, had been destroyed by a fire. Then in October 1856, while travelling across China he was robbed of nearly everything he owned.

Relocated in Ningbo by 1857, Taylor received a letter from a supportive George Müller which led to Taylor and his co-worker John Jones deciding to resign from the problematic mission board which had sent them, and instead work independently in what came to be called the "Ningpo Mission". Four Chinese men joined them in their work: Ni Yongfa, Feng Ninggui, Wang Laijun, and Qiu Guogui.

In 1858, Taylor married Maria Jane Dyer, the orphaned daughter of the Rev. Samuel Dyer of the London Missionary Society, who had been a pioneer missionary to the Chinese in Penang, Malaysia.[9] Hudson met Maria in Ningbo where she lived and worked at a school for girls which was run by one of the first female missionaries to the Chinese, Mary Ann Aldersey.

As a married couple the Taylors took care of an adopted boy named Tianxi while living in Ningbo. They had a baby of their own that died late in 1858. Their first surviving child, Grace, was born in 1859. Shortly after she was born, the Taylors took over all of the operations at the hospital in Ningbo that had been run by William Parker. In a letter to his sister Amelia Hudson Taylor he wrote on 14 February 1860,

“ If I had a thousand pounds China should have it—if I had a thousand lives, China should have them. No! Not China, but Christ. Can we do too much for Him? Can we do enough for such a precious Saviour?[10] ”
Because of health problems, in 1860 Taylor decided to return to England for a furlough with his family. The Taylors sailed back to England aboard the tea clipper Jubilee along with their daughter, Grace and a young man, Wang Laijun, from the Bridge Street church in Ningbo, who would help with the Bible translation work that would continue in England.

Family and China Inland Mission[edit]

Hudson Taylor was almost killed in Shanghai during the civil war
Taylor used his time in England to continue his work, in company with Frederick Foster Gough of the Church Missionary Society translating the New Testament into a Romanised Ningbo dialect for the British and Foreign Bible Society. He completed his diploma (and a course in midwifery) at the Royal London Hospital with the Royal College of Surgeons in 1862, and with Maria's help, wrote a book called China's Spiritual Need and Claims in 1865 which was instrumental in generating sympathy for China and volunteers for the mission field, who began to go out in 1862, the first being James Joseph Meadows. In the book Taylor wrote:

Oh, for eloquence to plead the cause of China, for a pencil dipped in fire to paint the condition of this people.[11]

He travelled extensively around the British Isles speaking at churches and promoting the needs of China. At home in the East End of London he also ministered at Newgate Prison. During this time he became friends with Charles Haddon Spurgeon, who pastored the Metropolitan Tabernacle and became a lifelong supporter of Taylor. Also, the Taylors hosted the young Thomas John Barnardo at their house as a potential missionary candidate between 1865–1866.


Hudson Taylor alone at night is searched by a thief.
Their second child, Herbert, was born in London in 1861. More children were born to the Taylors, in 1862 Frederick, in 1864 Samuel, and in 1865 Jane, who died at birth.

On 25 June 1865, at Brighton, Taylor definitely dedicated himself to God for the founding of a new society to undertake the evangelisation of the "unreached" inland provinces of China. He founded the China Inland Mission together with William Thomas Berger shortly thereafter. In less than one year, they had accepted 21 missionaries and raised over £2,000 (about £130,000 in 2007 terms[citation needed]). In early 1866 Taylor published the first edition of the Occasional Pape

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Hudson TaylorDari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebasArtikel ini adalah tentang misionaris ke Cina. Untuk pegulat, lihat Hudson Taylor (pegulat). Untuk band, lihat Hudson Taylor (pemusik).James Hudson TaylorJ Hudson Taylor 1865.jpgMisionaris ke CinaLahir 21 Maret 1832Barnsley, Yorkshire, InggrisMeninggal 3 Juni 1905 (umur 73)Changsha, Hunan, Dinasti QingPendidikan Royal College of SurgeonsJudul MRCS FRGSPenggantian nama: Maria Jane Taylor(née Dyer);Jennie Taylor(née Faulding)Orang tua James TaylorAmelia Hudson Artikel ini memuat teks berbahasa Tionghoa. Tanpa dukungan multibahasa, Anda mungkin melihat tanda tanya, kotak, atau karakter lain selain dari karakter Cina.James Hudson Taylor (Cina: 戴德生) (21 Maret 1832-3 Juni 1905) adalah seorang misionaris Kristen Protestan Inggris ke Cina dan pendiri dari Cina daratan misi (CIM) (sekarang OMF International). Taylor menghabiskan 51 tahun di Cina. Masyarakat yang ia mulai adalah bertanggung jawab untuk membawa lebih dari 800 misionaris ke negara yang memulai sekolah 125 [1] dan langsung mengakibatkan 18.000 Kristen konversi, serta pembentukan lebih dari 300 stasiun kerja dengan lebih dari 500 lokal pembantu di seluruh provinsi delapan belas. [2]Taylor dikenal untuk kepekaan budaya Cina dan semangat penginjilan. Ia mengadopsi mengenakan pakaian asli Cina meskipun ini jarang di antara misionaris zaman itu. Di bawah kepemimpinannya, CIM adalah luar biasa non-denominasi di praktek dan diterima anggota dari semua kelompok Protestan, termasuk individu dari kelas pekerja dan wanita lajang serta merekrut multinasional. Terutama karena CIM kampanye melawan perdagangan Opium, Taylor telah dirujuk sebagai salah satu bangsa Eropa yang paling signifikan untuk mengunjungi Cina di abad ke-19. [3] sejarawan Ruth Tucker merangkum tema hidupnya:Misionaris tidak pada abad ke sembilan belas sejak Paulus telah memiliki visi yang lebih luas dan telah melaksanakan rencana lebih systematised menginjili wilayah geografis yang luas dari Hudson Taylor. [4]Taylor mampu berkhotbah di beberapa varietas Tionghoa, termasuk Mandarin, Chaozhou, dan dialek Wu dari Shanghai dan Ningbo. Yang terakhir dia tahu cukup baik untuk membantu mempersiapkan sebuah edisi yang sehari-hari dari perjanjian baru yang ditulis di dalamnya. [5]Isi [hide] 1 pemuda dan awal bekerja2 pertama kunjungan ke CinaKeluarga 3 dan China daratan misi4 kembali ke Cina5 kerusuhan di Yangzhou6 hilangnya Maria7 Boxer krisis8 tahun akhir9 masa penurunan10 teologiKronologi 1112 karyaArsip 1316 catatan15 Bacaan lebih lanjut16 Pranala luarPemuda dan awal bekerja [sunting]Hudson Taylor pada usia 21Hudson Taylor worked at Dr. Hardey's, and lodged for a time at his brother's home Mr Richard Hardey, 16 Kingston Square, Hull (top) and then moved and lived in the near poverty of DrainsideTaylor was born on 21 May 1832 the son of a chemist (pharmacist) and Methodist lay preacher James Taylor and his wife, Amelia (Hudson), but as a young man he ran away from the Christian beliefs of his parents. At seventeen, after reading an evangelistic tract pamphlet entitled "Poor Richard",[6] he professed faith in Christ, and in December 1849, he committed himself to going to China as a missionary.[7] At this time he came into contact with Edward Cronin of Kensington—one of the members of the first missionary party of the Plymouth Brethren to Baghdad. It is believed that Taylor learned his faith mission principles from his contact with the Brethren.[citation needed] Taylor was able to borrow a copy of China: Its State and Prospects by Walter Henry Medhurst, which he quickly read. About this time, he began studying the languages of Mandarin, Greek, Hebrew, and Latin.In 1851, he moved to a poor neighbourhood in Kingston upon Hull to be a medical assistant with Robert Hardey, and began preparing himself for a life of faith and service, devoting himself to the poor and exercising faith that God would provide for his needs. He practised distributing gospel tracts and open-air preaching among the poor.[citation needed] He was baptised by Andrew John Jukes of the Plymouth Brethren in the Hull Brethren Assembly in 1852, and convinced his sister Amelia to also take adult baptism.[8]In 1852 he began studying medicine at the Royal London Hospital in Whitechapel, London, as preparation for working in China. The great interest awakened in England about China through the civil war, which was then erroneously supposed to be a mass movement toward Christianity, together with the glowing but exaggerated reports made by Karl Gützlaff concerning China's accessibility, led to the founding of the Chinese Evangelisation Society, to the service of which Hudson Taylor offered himself as their first missionary.First visit to China[edit]Hudson Taylor travelled by boat around the canals and waterways of China, preaching and distributing BiblesTaylor left England on 19 September 1853 before completing his medical studies, arriving in Shanghai, China, on 1 March 1854. The nearly disastrous voyage aboard the clipper Dumfries through an Easterly passage near Buru Island lasted about five months. In China, he was immediately faced with civil war, throwing his first year there into turmoil.Taylor made 18 preaching tours in the vicinity of Shanghai starting in 1855, and was often poorly received by the people, even though he brought with him medical supplies and skills. He made a decision to adopt the native Chinese clothes and queue (pigtail) with shaven forehead, however, and was then able to gain an audience without creating a disturbance. Previous to this, Taylor realised that wherever he went he was being referred to as a "black devil" because of the overcoat he wore. He distributed thousands of Chinese Gospel tracts and portions of Scripture in and around Shanghai. During his stay in Shanghai, he also adopted and cared for a Chinese boy named Hanban.Scottish evangelist, William Chalmers Burns, of the English Presbyterian Mission began work in Shantou, and for a period Taylor joined him there. After leaving he later found that all of his medical supplies, being stored in Shanghai, had been destroyed by a fire. Then in October 1856, while travelling across China he was robbed of nearly everything he owned.Relocated in Ningbo by 1857, Taylor received a letter from a supportive George Müller which led to Taylor and his co-worker John Jones deciding to resign from the problematic mission board which had sent them, and instead work independently in what came to be called the "Ningpo Mission". Four Chinese men joined them in their work: Ni Yongfa, Feng Ninggui, Wang Laijun, and Qiu Guogui.In 1858, Taylor married Maria Jane Dyer, the orphaned daughter of the Rev. Samuel Dyer of the London Missionary Society, who had been a pioneer missionary to the Chinese in Penang, Malaysia.[9] Hudson met Maria in Ningbo where she lived and worked at a school for girls which was run by one of the first female missionaries to the Chinese, Mary Ann Aldersey.As a married couple the Taylors took care of an adopted boy named Tianxi while living in Ningbo. They had a baby of their own that died late in 1858. Their first surviving child, Grace, was born in 1859. Shortly after she was born, the Taylors took over all of the operations at the hospital in Ningbo that had been run by William Parker. In a letter to his sister Amelia Hudson Taylor he wrote on 14 February 1860,“ If I had a thousand pounds China should have it—if I had a thousand lives, China should have them. No! Not China, but Christ. Can we do too much for Him? Can we do enough for such a precious Saviour?[10] ”Because of health problems, in 1860 Taylor decided to return to England for a furlough with his family. The Taylors sailed back to England aboard the tea clipper Jubilee along with their daughter, Grace and a young man, Wang Laijun, from the Bridge Street church in Ningbo, who would help with the Bible translation work that would continue in England.Family and China Inland Mission[edit]Hudson Taylor was almost killed in Shanghai during the civil warTaylor used his time in England to continue his work, in company with Frederick Foster Gough of the Church Missionary Society translating the New Testament into a Romanised Ningbo dialect for the British and Foreign Bible Society. He completed his diploma (and a course in midwifery) at the Royal London Hospital with the Royal College of Surgeons in 1862, and with Maria's help, wrote a book called China's Spiritual Need and Claims in 1865 which was instrumental in generating sympathy for China and volunteers for the mission field, who began to go out in 1862, the first being James Joseph Meadows. In the book Taylor wrote:Oh, for eloquence to plead the cause of China, for a pencil dipped in fire to paint the condition of this people.[11]He travelled extensively around the British Isles speaking at churches and promoting the needs of China. At home in the East End of London he also ministered at Newgate Prison. During this time he became friends with Charles Haddon Spurgeon, who pastored the Metropolitan Tabernacle and became a lifelong supporter of Taylor. Also, the Taylors hosted the young Thomas John Barnardo at their house as a potential missionary candidate between 1865–1866.Hudson Taylor alone at night is searched by a thief.Their second child, Herbert, was born in London in 1861. More children were born to the Taylors, in 1862 Frederick, in 1864 Samuel, and in 1865 Jane, who died at birth.On 25 June 1865, at Brighton, Taylor definitely dedicated himself to God for the founding of a new society to undertake the evangelisation of the "unreached" inland provinces of China. He founded the China Inland Mission together with William Thomas Berger shortly thereafter. In less than one year, they had accepted 21 missionaries and raised over £2,000 (about £130,000 in 2007 terms[citation needed]). In early 1866 Taylor published the first edition of the Occasional Pape