portion of the H2O in the case of H

portion of the H2O in the case of H2O/Fe = 3 (H2O = 83 mmol) exists
as condensed water in addition to steam. This presence of condensed
watermighthave causedanacceleratedchange inthe active
phase through leaching.
Table 2
Sn/Ru and Mo/Ru atomic ratio of spent Ru-Sn-Mo/C.
H2O/Fe molar ratio/− Atomic ratio/−
Sn/Ru Mo/Ru
1 0.39 0.16
2 0.43 0.15
3 0.31 0.14
Fig. 4. XRD patterns of Fe samples (a) before and (b) after the transformation reaction.
Diffraction line at 40.3◦ is unknown.
3.4. Roles of the Fe/H2O system during the transformation of
methyl laurate
Herein, we investigate the influence of the Fe/H2O system on
the transformation of methyl laurate into lauryl alcohol over a
Ru–Sn–Mo/C catalyst. XRD analysis was performed to examine the
changes incrystallinephase during thehydrogenationreaction. The
XRD diffraction patterns obtained are shown in Fig. 4. The fresh Fe
samplesprovided a strong diffractionline at 44.7◦ that was assigned
to Fe0 (Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS)
file No. 6-0696), as well as broad lines at 30.1◦, 35.5◦, and 43.1◦
that were assigned to Fe3O4 (JCPDS file No. 19-629). A decrease in
the intensity of the diffraction line of Fe0 was observed after the
reaction, whereas the intensity of the Fe3O4 peaks increased. Thus,
Fe with H2O largely converted the crystalline phase to Fe3O4 during
the reaction as follows: 3Fe + 4H2O→Fe3O4 + 4H2. However, as
previously reported in the literature [62], this Fe/H2O system may
also produce various types of solid iron such as FeO, Fe2O3, and
FeOOH in addition to Fe3O4.
To verify that the use of the Ru–Sn–Mo/C catalyst with the
Fe/H2O system resulted in the production of lauric acid during the
reaction presented above, methyl laurate was treated under Fe/H2O
and oxidized-Fe/H2O in the absence of Ru–Sn–Mo/C (Table 3). Both
the Fe/H2O and oxidized-Fe/H2O reaction systems achieved effective
conversion of methyl laurate to lauric acid compared with
Ru-Sn-Mo/C + H2O system, whereas a blank test without Fe exhibited
only trace amounts of lauric acid. It is well known that acidic
and basic catalysts in the presence of water lead to the hydrolysis
of fatty acid methyl esters [63], and so NH3- and CO2-TPD

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

bagian dari H2O dalam kasus H2O / Fe = 3 (H2O = 83 mmol) ada
air terkondensasi di samping uap. Ini kehadiran kental
watermighthave causedanacceleratedchange inthe aktif
fase melalui pencucian.
Tabel 2
Sn / Ru dan Mo / Ru perbandingan atom menghabiskan Ru-Sn-Mo / C.
H2O / Fe rasio molar / - Atomic rasio / -
Sn / Ru Mo / Ru
0.39 0.16 1
2 0,43 0,15
3 0,31 0,14
Gambar. 4. Pola XRD sampel Fe (a) sebelum dan (b) setelah transformasi reaksi.
Garis difraksi di 40.3◦ tidak diketahui.
3.4. Peran dari sistem Fe / H2O selama transformasi
metil laurat
Disini, kami menyelidiki pengaruh sistem Fe / H2O pada
transformasi metil laurat menjadi lauril alkohol selama
/ C katalis Ru-Sn-Mo. Analisis XRD dilakukan untuk menguji
perubahan incrystallinephase selama thehydrogenationreaction. The
pola difraksi XRD diperoleh ditunjukkan pada Gambar. 4. segar Fe
samplesprovided sebuah diffractionline kuat di 44.7◦ yang ditugaskan
untuk Fe0 (Komite Bersama Standar Difraksi Powder (JCPDS)
berkas No. 6-0696), serta garis besar di 30.1◦, 35.5◦, dan 43.1◦
yang ditugaskan untuk Fe3O4 (file JCPDS No. 19-629). Penurunan
intensitas garis difraksi Fe0 diamati setelah
reaksi, sedangkan intensitas puncak Fe3O4 meningkat. Dengan demikian,
Fe dengan H2O sebagian besar dikonversi fase kristal untuk Fe3O4 selama
reaksi sebagai berikut: 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2. Namun, seperti
dilaporkan sebelumnya dalam literatur [62], sistem Fe / H2O ini mungkin
juga memproduksi berbagai jenis besi padat seperti FeO, Fe2O3, dan
FeOOH selain Fe3O4.
Untuk memverifikasi bahwa penggunaan Ru-Sn-Mo / katalis C dengan
sistem Fe / H2O mengakibatkan produksi asam laurat selama
reaksi yang disajikan di atas, metil laurat dirawat di bawah Fe / H2O
dan teroksidasi-Fe / H2O dalam ketiadaan Ru-Sn-Mo / C (Tabel 3 ). Kedua
Fe / H2O dan teroksidasi-Fe sistem reaksi / H2O dicapai efektif
konversi metil laurat asam laurat dibandingkan dengan
sistem Ru-Sn-Mo / C + H2O, sedangkan tes kosong tanpa Fe dipamerkan
hanya jumlah jejak asam laurat. Hal ini juga diketahui bahwa asam
katalis dan dasar dengan adanya timbal air untuk hidrolisis
asam lemak metil ester [63], dan sebagainya NH3- dan CO2-TPD