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Introduction
Contemporary central banks of the most developed countries follow the monetary policy
setting its main target at low inflation by using the strategy of direct inflation target. This policy
assumes that there are no formal intermediate targets. Central banks do not focus on the control
of a single parameter determining the final target. They take into account each available piece
of information on factors that endanger the execution of the inflation target adopted for a given
period. This strategy has substituted the strategy of intermediate realisation of the inflation
target. The most frequently adopted intermediate target was the money supply. Then, a central
bank was obliged to shape the increase in the quantity of money in a way that would correspond
with the expected increase in prices. M. Friedman proposed fixed increases of money supply
which would correspond with the increase in the potential output in a long term. The Austrian
school of economics has a critical attitude to both strategies. The economists of this school argue
that the current operation of central banks contributes to the greatest extent to the occurrence of
cyclical fluctuations.
This is a theoretical paper the purpose of which is a critical analysis of the monetary policy
based on the adoption of money supply for the intermediate target. The analysis is conducted
from the perspective of the Austrian school. The paper also contains the discussion of the role
of money supply as an intermediate target seen from the point of view of the main trend in
economics.
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