I began by pointing to some contradictions and paradoxes in using plur terjemahan - I began by pointing to some contradictions and paradoxes in using plur Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

I began by pointing to some contrad

I began by pointing to some contradictions and paradoxes in using pluralism as a catch-all value in media politics. While many current arguments in media policy point back to some of the central problems with pluralism - both philosophically and politically - it is not my purpose to argue that pluralism should not remain an important value in contemporary media policy.


However, it is important to note that, regardless of their popularity, pluralism and diversity have their limits as policy principles. Not only are there limits to pluralism in both political-economic and ethical terms, the concept of pluralism itself does not offer much unambiguous basis for the demands of democratic politics on the media, but rather constitutes itself an object of political contestation. With developments in media technology it is becoming even less clear in which sense it is meaningful to speak of media pluralism, if the media landscape is characterised more by abundance and limitless choice than by scarcity or lack of options.
What I have proposed here, by means of applying the idea of agonistic pluralism to the context of media politics, is that it is not enough to conceive media pluralism in terms of heterogeneity and a diversification of options. Instead, it needs to be analysed in connection with the structural relations of power that define the criteria that guide systems of representation and limit the available choices. Posed as an alternative to both liberal minimalism and to the rationalistic idealisations of deliberative democracy, the radical pluralist approach can thus be understood as an argument for the continuing centrality of question of power in media politics. The danger of what I called 'naive pluralism' is therefore that such questions are veiled or ignored under the illusion of communicative abundance or limitless choice. Unequal relations of power remain crucial in the field of media policy and media institutions and there is no reason to think that technological or any other developments will lead to spontaneous harmony.
This points to the continued relevance of the critical political economy of communication, and its attempts to reveal and analyse structural hierarchies of power that influence and shape our media environment. And as such analysis usually leads to normative questions, it also demands that we continually engage with normative political theory of different orientations to test our normative assumptions.


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I began by pointing to some contradictions and paradoxes in using pluralism as a catch-all value in media politics. While many current arguments in media policy point back to some of the central problems with pluralism - both philosophically and politically - it is not my purpose to argue that pluralism should not remain an important value in contemporary media policy. However, it is important to note that, regardless of their popularity, pluralism and diversity have their limits as policy principles. Not only are there limits to pluralism in both political-economic and ethical terms, the concept of pluralism itself does not offer much unambiguous basis for the demands of democratic politics on the media, but rather constitutes itself an object of political contestation. With developments in media technology it is becoming even less clear in which sense it is meaningful to speak of media pluralism, if the media landscape is characterised more by abundance and limitless choice than by scarcity or lack of options.What I have proposed here, by means of applying the idea of agonistic pluralism to the context of media politics, is that it is not enough to conceive media pluralism in terms of heterogeneity and a diversification of options. Instead, it needs to be analysed in connection with the structural relations of power that define the criteria that guide systems of representation and limit the available choices. Posed as an alternative to both liberal minimalism and to the rationalistic idealisations of deliberative democracy, the radical pluralist approach can thus be understood as an argument for the continuing centrality of question of power in media politics. The danger of what I called 'naive pluralism' is therefore that such questions are veiled or ignored under the illusion of communicative abundance or limitless choice. Unequal relations of power remain crucial in the field of media policy and media institutions and there is no reason to think that technological or any other developments will lead to spontaneous harmony.This points to the continued relevance of the critical political economy of communication, and its attempts to reveal and analyse structural hierarchies of power that influence and shape our media environment. And as such analysis usually leads to normative questions, it also demands that we continually engage with normative political theory of different orientations to test our normative assumptions.
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Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
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Saya mulai dengan menunjuk beberapa kontradiksi dan paradoks dalam menggunakan pluralisme sebagai catch-semua nilai dalam politik media yang. Sementara banyak argumen saat ini di titik kebijakan media kembali ke beberapa masalah pusat dengan pluralisme - baik secara filosofis dan politis -. Itu bukan tujuan saya untuk berdebat pluralisme yang tidak harus tetap nilai penting dalam kebijakan media kontemporer Namun, penting untuk dicatat bahwa, terlepas dari popularitas mereka, pluralisme dan keragaman memiliki batas mereka sebagai prinsip-prinsip kebijakan. Tidak hanya ada membatasi pluralisme baik secara politik-ekonomi dan etika, konsep pluralisme itu sendiri tidak menawarkan dasar banyak ambigu untuk tuntutan politik demokratis di media, melainkan merupakan sendiri obyek kontestasi politik. Dengan perkembangan teknologi media itu menjadi bahkan kurang jelas di mana merasakan itu berarti berbicara media pluralisme, jika lanskap media ditandai lainnya kelimpahan dan pilihan tak terbatas daripada kelangkaan atau kurangnya pilihan. Apa yang saya telah diusulkan di sini, oleh cara menerapkan gagasan pluralisme agonistik dengan konteks politik media, adalah bahwa hal itu tidak cukup untuk hamil pluralisme media dalam hal heterogenitas dan diversifikasi pilihan. Sebaliknya, perlu dianalisis sehubungan dengan hubungan struktural kekuasaan yang menentukan kriteria yang memandu sistem representasi dan membatasi pilihan yang tersedia. Berpose sebagai alternatif untuk kedua minimalis liberal dan ke idealisasi rasionalistik demokrasi deliberatif, pendekatan pluralis radikal sehingga dapat dipahami sebagai argumen untuk sentralitas terus masalah kekuasaan dalam politik media yang. Oleh karena itu bahaya apa yang saya sebut 'pluralisme naif' adalah bahwa pertanyaan tersebut terselubung atau diabaikan bawah ilusi kelimpahan komunikatif atau pilihan terbatas. Hubungan kekuasaan yang tidak seimbang tetap penting di bidang lembaga kebijakan media dan media dan tidak ada alasan untuk berpikir bahwa teknologi atau perkembangan lain akan menyebabkan keharmonisan spontan. Hal ini menunjukkan relevansi lanjutan dari ekonomi politik kritis komunikasi, dan yang mencoba untuk mengungkapkan dan menganalisis hirarki struktural kekuasaan yang mempengaruhi dan membentuk lingkungan media kita. Dan analisis seperti biasanya mengarah ke pertanyaan normatif, juga menuntut bahwa kita terus terlibat dengan teori politik normatif orientasi yang berbeda untuk menguji asumsi normatif kami.







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