Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
Although Saudi Arabia bases its constitution on the Qur’an, a vigorousIslamist movement that sought to topple the Saudi regime appeared in thecountry in the late 1970s. To the minds of many Islamist intellectuals, thewedding between the Wahabiyyah movement and the Saudi state, beginningat the end of the eighteenth century, was no longer viable in the tumultuousyears of the twentieth century. Islamist activism in the Gulf, and especially inSaudi Arabia in the latter part of the twentieth century, is very interesting, forit opposed not just the state but also the Muslim clergy who provided a rationale for the existence of the state. Although leading to the modernizationof Saudi society, the oil boom of the 1970s and 1980s created a fissure betweenthe young generation of the Saudi religious intelligentsia and the state. Evenbefore the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in the summer of 1990, young SaudiIslamists began to criticize the ruling family and its Western allies, especiallythe United States. The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and its aftermath heightenedthe tension between Islamists and the state. Because of the unlimited oilresources, the modern Saudi nation-state under the leadership of the royalfamily was able to launch a very ambitious modernization program in the1970s, which created a brand new class of Saudi modernizers who opted toWesternize their society. The Saudi royal family, however, created a form ofmodernization without any indigenous component, and without paralleldemocratic institutions to guarantee political participation in society.Although the royal family enlisted the support of the major ulama in itsmodernization program, the younger ulama, especially from the Hijaz area,were uncomfortable with the fast pace of modernization and its inevitableimpact on, what they perceived as, “orthodox Islam.” I think that the binLaden phenomenon was the product of this tension between Saudi modernizationand Islamic values.
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