An Investigation of Interlingual Interference in the use of ‘and’as a  terjemahan - An Investigation of Interlingual Interference in the use of ‘and’as a  Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

An Investigation of Interlingual In

An Investigation of Interlingual Interference in the use of ‘and’
as a Syntactic Coordinating Structure by Jordanian EFL
Learners
Mohammad Hamad Al-Khresheh
Doctoral Candidate, Department of English Language
Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya, Malaysia
E-mail: al-khresheh@hotmail.com
Abstract
This study is an investigation of performance analysis. It analyses a composition written by
a group of Arabic-speaking Jordanian learners of English in order to investigate the carryover
of Arabic (L1) syntactic structures into English (L2). The major focus of this study is
on the errors committed by these EFL learners in using one English syntactic category,
namely, the coordinating conjunction ‘and’, which is equivalent to “wa” in Arabic. This
study aims to investigate whether the errors in the use of this syntactic category by
Jordanian EFL learners can be attributed to interlingual interference as well as to identify
the frequency of these committed errors in their written production. To achieve these
objectives, a composition test was utilised in this study. The subjects of the study consisted
of 120 students studying English as a FL at Jordanian schools, located in the south of
Jordan. The findings of the study suggest, firstly, that the subjects committed a huge
number of errors with respect to the coordinating conjunction ‘and’. Secondly, interlingual
interference might be the main cause of committing this huge number of these errors. On
the basis of these findings, a group of recommendations to further research are suggested
and some pedagogical implications which might improve the EFL teaching-learning
process are discussed.
Keywords: Interlingual interference, Contrastive analysis, EFL.
1. Introduction
Since Arab EFL learners face much difficulty in learning English, there has been a growing body of
research investigating errors committed by these EFL learners. The present study focuses on EFL
learners in Jordan where English is taught in as a foreign language (FL). It is not really used in the
daily life situation because Arabic is the language of communication. Because of having such
circumstances in the Arab world, it is quite difficult for Arab EFL learners to communicate in the
target language in their daily life (Rababah, 2003).
It is also observed that despite 12 years of learning English as a foreign language from the first
to the second secondary grade, the majority of Jordanian EFL school students are very weak at reading,
writing, listening and speaking. Al-khresheh (2010:105) states that “in spite of the long period where
English was taught in Jordanian schools and the importance given to its curriculum, it is generally
observed that students are unable to write a simple meaningful sentence without committing an error”.
He also reveals that because of having such situation, Jordanian EFL learners commit many
grammatical and syntactic errors. Therefore, there should be a need for purposeful studies that help us
identify the weaknesses of Jordanian EFL learners in their acquisition of English.
European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 3 (2011)
427
One of the language areas in which Jordanian school students commit serious errors is the
writing skill. Al-Jarrah (2001) defines writing in a foreign or a second language as an overwhelming
experience, particularly, for students whose native language is not similar to the target language, i.e.
Arabic–speaking students writing in English. In the same vein, Rababah (2003) states that Jordanian
students face much difficulty in writing in English.
As a result of such situation, Jordanian EFL school students are expected to commit many
syntactic, grammatical, semantic and lexical errors while learning English. Based on that, this study
intends to explore the carry-over of syntactic structures from L1 to L2 by Jordanian EFL learners. This
warrants a discussion of Arabic and English syntactic structures with respect to the coordinating
conjunction ‘and’.
In English, the coordinative conjunction ‘and’ is used to connect two similar grammatical
structures, i.e. two words, two clauses or two phrases. “English items in a series are separated by
commas, and the co-ordinate conjunction ‘and’ is used just before the last word”. In contrast, Arabic
sentences usually start with ‘and’ or ‘so’, and “each item in a series is preceded by the conjunction
‘wa’ which is equivalent to ‘and’” (Diab, 1996).
Obviously, coordination and subordination are two syntactic structures that are utilized in
writing in both Arabic and English (Othman, 2004). It has been frequently argued that the two
languages speakers differ in their preferences of each syntactic relation. English prefers subordination
over coordination, whilst Arabic prefers the use of coordination over subordination (Diab, 1996).
The over use of coordination is very common in the writings of Arab EFL learners (Johnstone,
1987). This is due to the fact that coordination is particularly frequent in written Arabic and it is
uncommon in modern written English (Ostler, 1987).
2. Literature Review
In recent years, many studies on FL acquisition have been conducted focusing on learners’ errors to
investigate the difficulties involved in acquiring a FL. These studies have helped FL teachers to be
aware of the difficulty areas encountered by their students and dedicate particular emphasis on them.
Corder (1967:27) says “We cannot really teach language, we can only create conditions in which it will
develop spontaneously in the mind in its own way”. In this quotation, he asserts on the role of the
language teacher by creating good learning conditions in acquiring a new language. Habash (1982) also
adds that the dream of all EFL teachers is to have EFL students who can speak and write correctly. In
fact, having EFL students who speak and write correctly is not a dream if we can really create good
learning conditions and follow good language teaching strategies.
Naturally, it is well-known that no one can learn or acquire any language without committing
errors. Learning or acquiring any language might be faced with some problems such as errors or
mistakes. Corder (1981) states that these committed errors or mistakes by English foreign learners
while learning process are considered as obligatory feature of learning. In other words, they are
considered as a part of the learning process as well as a device a learner uses to learn. Ranganayki
(1983:2) points out that “the errors are not problems to be overcome or evils to be eradicated”, they are
simply a part of the language learning process. Thus, no one can achieve competence in any language
without committing errors. Similarly, Corder (1973:257) asserts that the study of errors can help us to
“infer what the nature of learners’ knowledge is at that point of time in their learning career and what
more has to be learnt”.
In reviewing some studies conducted on the writing errors committed by Arab EFL learners,
many studies show that Arab EFL students face severe problems in writing while learning English
process. Researchers, such as Abdulmoneim (2000) and Abisamra (2003), state that most of the
syntactic errors committed by Arab EFL learners in their written production are because of the
interference of their first language. Interference or transfer from native language could be taken as ‘a
matter of habit’, and negative transfer would be obvious in cases of differences between the L1 and the
European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 3 (2011)
428
L2. (Abdulmoneim, 2000). Gass and Selinker (1989) define transfer as “a learning strategy or a
communicative strategy”. That means EFL learners use their L1 in order to facilitate their language
learning process. According to Oldin (1989) interference could be defined as “the influence resulting
from similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been
previously acquired”. Researchers such as Jackson (1987), Corder (1973) and Jackobovists (1970)
have emphasized that when the EFL learners don’t know how to express something in the foreign
language, they directly refer to their native language. This fact has been clearly stated and confirmed
by many researchers such as Diab (1996) who conducted her research to identify, analyze, and classify
the writing errors of Lebanese EFL students. She collected 73 English essays written by Lebanese
university EFL students. As a result, she found that Lebanese EFL students committed many
grammatical, lexical, semantic and syntactic errors. These errors were attributed to a negative
interlingual transfer from Arabic linguistic structures into English.
Abisamra (2003) studied a group of ten essays written by Arabic-speaking EFL students in the
ninth grade. After analysis, she found a total of 214 errors (29 grammatical, 35 syntactic, 26 lexical, 3
semantic, and 120 substances errors). The major cause of their committed errors was not only negative
L1 transfer “interference” but also intralingual interference.
In a study conducted by Abdullomoneim (2005), a total of 420 errors were found in 42 essays.
He has emphasized that some of these errors could be attributed to negative interlingual transfer and
committing such these errors indicates that EFL students depend on interlingual and intralingual
strategies to facilitate their learning process.
Al-khresheh (2006) analysed 20 essays written by Jordanian undergraduate EFL learners. He
found that students committed a huge number of grammatical, syntactic and lexical errors because of
interlingual interference from their L1.
In another study conducted by Al-khresheh (2010) on interlingual interference in the English
language word order structure, he found that Jordanian EFL learners committed a huge number of
syntactic interlingual errors with regard to word order within simple sentence structure. He revealed
that these comm
0/5000
Dari: -
Ke: -
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1: [Salinan]
Disalin!
Penyelidikan Interlingual gangguan dalam penggunaan 'dan'sebagai struktur koordinasi sintaksis oleh Yordania EFLPeserta didikMohammad Hamad Al-KhreshehKandidat doktor, Departemen bahasa InggrisFakultas Bahasa dan linguistik, Universitas Malaya, MalaysiaE-mail: al-khresheh@hotmail.comAbstrakStudi ini adalah penyelidikan analisis kinerja. Analisis komposisi yang ditulis olehsekelompok berbahasa Arab Yordania pembelajar bahasa Inggris untuk menyelidiki carryoverbahasa Arab (L1) sintaksis struktur ke dalam bahasa Inggris (L2). Fokus utama dari studi ini adalahpada kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik EFL dalam menggunakan satu kategori sintaksis bahasa Inggris,yaitu, koordinasi bersama 'dan', yang setara dengan "wa" dalam bahasa Arab. Inibelajar bertujuan untuk menyelidiki Apakah kesalahan dalam penggunaan kategori ini sintaksis olehYordania EFL pelajar dapat dikaitkan dengan interlingual gangguan serta untuk mengidentifikasifrekuensi ini melakukan kesalahan dalam produksi mereka tertulis. Untuk mencapai initujuan, tes komposisi dimanfaatkan dalam studi ini. Subjek studi terdiri120 siswa belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai FL di sekolah-sekolah Yordania, terletak di SelatanYordania. Temuan studi menunjukkan, pertama, bahwa subyek berkomitmen besarjumlah kesalahan terhadap koordinasi bersama 'dan'. Kedua, interlingualinterferensi mungkin menjadi penyebab utama dari melakukan ini sejumlah besar kesalahan ini. Padadasar dari Temuan ini, sekelompok rekomendasi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut disarankandan beberapa implikasi pedagogis yang mungkin meningkatkan belajar-mengajar EFLproses yang dibahas.Kata kunci: Gangguan Interlingual, memperlihatkan perbedaan analisis, EFL.1. PendahuluanSejak Arab EFL pembelajar menghadapi banyak kesulitan dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris, telah menjadi tubuh tumbuhpenelitian menyelidiki kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik EFL. Penelitian ini berfokus pada EFLpeserta didik di Jordan mana bahasa Inggris yang diajarkan di sebagai bahasa asing (FL). Itu tidak benar-benar digunakan dalamsituasi kehidupan sehari-hari karena bahasa Arab adalah bahasa komunikasi. Karena memiliki sepertikeadaan di dunia Arab, hal ini cukup sulit untuk pelajar Arab EFL berkomunikasi dalambahasa target dalam kehidupan sehari-hari (Rababah, 2003).Hal ini juga mengamati bahwa meskipun 12 tahun belajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing dari pertamadi kelas dua sekolah menengah, sebagian besar Yordania EFL siswa sekolah sangat lemah di reading,menulis, mendengar dan berbicara. Al-khresheh (2010:105) menyatakan bahwa "terlepas dari periode panjang manaBahasa Inggris yang diajarkan di sekolah-sekolah Yordania dan pentingnya diberikan kepada kurikulum, itu umumnyamengamati bahwa siswa tidak mampu menulis berarti kalimat sederhana tanpa melakukan kesalahan".Dia juga menyatakan bahwa karena mengalami situasi seperti itu, peserta didik Jordanian EFL melakukan banyakkesalahan tata bahasa dan sintaksis. Oleh karena itu, harus ada kebutuhan untuk tujuan studi yang membantu kitamengidentifikasi kelemahan Jordanian EFL peserta pada akuisisi bahasa Inggris.Eropa jurnal ilmu sosial-Volume 18, nomor 3 (2011)427Salah satu bahasa daerah di mana siswa sekolah Jordanian melakukan kesalahan seriusketerampilan menulis. Al-Jarrah (2001) mendefinisikan menulis dalam asing atau bahasa kedua sebagai yang luar biasapengalaman, khususnya untuk siswa yang bahasa ibunya tidak sama dengan bahasa target, yaituBahasa Arab-berbicara siswa menulis dalam bahasa Inggris. Dalam vena yang sama, Rababah (2003) menyatakan bahwa Jordaniansiswa menghadapi banyak kesulitan dalam menulis dalam bahasa Inggris.Sebagai hasil dari situasi tersebut, Jordanian EFL siswa sekolah diharapkan untuk melakukan banyaksintaksis, tata bahasa, semantik, dan leksikal kesalahan indekos. Berdasarkan itu, studi iniberniat untuk menjelajahi carry-over sintaksis struktur dari L1 untuk L2 oleh peserta didik Jordanian EFL. IniWaran diskusi struktur sintaksis bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris mengenai koordinasibersama 'dan'.Dalam bahasa Inggris, konjungsi coordinative 'dan' digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua serupa tata bahasastruktur, yaitu dua kata, dua pokok atau dua frase. "Inggris item dalam serangkaian dipisahkan olehkoma, dan mengkoordinasikan konjunksi 'dan' digunakan sebelum kata terakhir ". Sebaliknya, bahasa Arabkalimat ini biasanya dimulai dengan 'dan' atau 'lebih', "setiap item dalam rangkaian didahului dengan konjunksi'wa' yang setara dengan 'dan' "(Diab, 1996).Jelas, koordinasi dan subordinasi adalah dua struktur sintaksis yang digunakan dalammenulis dalam bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris (Othman, 2004). Telah sering berpendapat bahwa keduapembicara bahasa berbeda dalam preferensi mereka setiap hubungan sintaksis. Bahasa Inggris lebih suka subordinasiatas koordinasi, sementara Arab lebih suka menggunakan koordinasi atas subordinasi (Diab, 1996).Atas penggunaan koordinasi sangat umum dalam tulisan-tulisan Arab EFL pelajar (Johnstone,1987). ini adalah karena fakta bahwa koordinasi sangat sering dalam bahasa Arab tertulis danjarang dalam bahasa Inggris tertulis modern (Ostler, 1987).2. literatur ReviewDalam beberapa tahun terakhir, banyak penelitian pada akuisisi FL telah dilakukan berfokus pada kesalahan didikmenyelidiki kesulitan terlibat dalam memperoleh FL. Studi ini telah membantu guru-guru FL untukmenyadari kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh murid-murid mereka dan mendedikasikan penekanan khusus pada mereka.Corder (1967:27) mengatakan "kami tidak bisa benar-benar mengajarkan bahasa, kami hanya dapat membuat kondisi di mana itu akanmengembangkan secara spontan dalam pikiran dengan caranya sendiri". Dalam kutipan ini, ia menegaskan peranguru bahasa oleh menciptakan kondisi belajar yang baik dalam memperoleh bahasa baru. Habash (1982) jugamenambahkan bahwa mimpi semua guru EFL memiliki EFL siswa yang dapat berbicara dan menulis dengan benar. Dalamkenyataannya, memiliki EFL siswa yang berbicara dan menulis dengan benar adalah tidak mimpi jika kita benar-benar dapat membuat baikbelajar kondisi dan bahasa yang baik mengikuti strategi pengajaran.Tentu saja, itu terkenal bahwa tidak ada yang bisa belajar atau memperoleh bahasa apapun tanpa melakukankesalahan. Belajar atau memperoleh bahasa apapun mungkin menghadapi beberapa masalah seperti kesalahan ataukesalahan. Corder Serikat (1981) bahwa ini melakukan kesalahan atau kesalahan oleh pelajar asing bahasa InggrisSementara proses pembelajaran dianggap sebagai fitur wajib belajar. Dengan kata lain, mereka adalahdianggap sebagai bagian dari proses belajar serta perangkat menggunakan seorang pelajar untuk belajar. Ranganayki(1983:2) menunjukkan bahwa "kesalahan tidak masalah harus diatasi atau kejahatan diberantas", merekahanya bagian dari proses belajar bahasa. Dengan demikian, tidak ada yang dapat mencapai kompetensi dalam bahasa apapuntanpa melakukan kesalahan. Demikian pula, Corder (1973:257) menegaskan bahwa studi kesalahan dapat membantu kita untuk"menyimpulkan apa sifat didik pengetahuan adalah pada titik waktu dalam belajar karir mereka danlebih harus dipelajari".Dalam meninjau beberapa studi yang dilakukan pada menulis kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh pelajar Arab EFL,banyak studi menunjukkan bahwa Arab EFL siswa menghadapi persoalan yang berat dalam menulis indekosproses. Para peneliti, seperti Abdulmoneim (2000) dan Abisamra (2003), menyatakan bahwa sebagian besarsintaksis kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik Arab EFL dalam produksi mereka tertulis adalah karenagangguan bahasa pertama mereka. Gangguan atau transfer dari bahasa asli dapat diambil sebagai 'masalah kebiasaan ', dan transfer negatif akan menjadi jelas dalam kasus perbedaan antara L1 danEropa jurnal ilmu sosial-Volume 18, nomor 3 (2011)428L2. (Abdulmoneim, 2000). Gass dan Selinker (1989) mendefinisikan transfer sebagai "strategi belajar ataukomunikatif strategi". Itu berarti EFL peserta didik menggunakan L1 untuk memfasilitasi bahasa merekaproses pembelajaran. Menurut Oldin (1989) gangguan bisa didefinisikan sebagai "pengaruh dihasilkandari persamaan dan perbedaan antara bahasa target dan bahasa lainnya yang telahDiperoleh sebelumnya". Peneliti seperti Jackson (1987), Corder (1973) dan Jackobovists (1970)telah menekankan bahwa ketika para peserta didik EFL tidak tahu bagaimana untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu di luar negeribahasa, mereka langsung merujuk kepada bahasa asli mereka. Kenyataan ini telah dinyatakan dengan jelas dan dikonfirmasioleh banyak peneliti seperti Diab (1996) yang melakukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan mengklasifikasikanmenulis kesalahan Lebanon EFL siswa. Ia dikumpulkan 73 Inggris esai yang ditulis oleh LebanonUniversitas EFL siswa. Sebagai akibatnya, dia menemukan bahwa Lebanon EFL siswa melakukan banyakkesalahan tata bahasa, leksikal, semantik, dan sintaksis. Kesalahan ini adalah dikaitkan dengan negatifinterlingual transfer dari struktur linguistik bahasa Arab ke bahasa Inggris.Abisamra (2003) mempelajari sekelompok sepuluh esai yang ditulis oleh berbahasa Arab EFL siswa dikelas sembilan. Setelah analisis, ia menemukan total 214 kesalahan (29 35 tata bahasa, sintaksis, 26 leksikal, 3zat semantik, dan 120 kesalahan). Penyebab utama kesalahan mereka berkomitmen ini tidak hanya negatifL1 mentransfer "gangguan", tetapi juga intralingual gangguan.Dalam sebuah studi yang dilakukan oleh Abdullomoneim (2005), total 420 kesalahan ditemukan di 42 esai.Dia menekankan bahwa beberapa kesalahan ini dapat dikaitkan ke negatif interlingual transfer danmelakukan seperti kesalahan ini menunjukkan bahwa EFL siswa tergantung pada interlingual dan intralingualstrategi untuk memfasilitasi proses belajar mereka.Al-khresheh (2006) dianalisis 20 esai yang ditulis oleh peserta didik EFL Jordanian sarjana. Diaditemukan bahwa siswa melakukan sejumlah besar kesalahan tata bahasa, sintaksis dan leksikal karenainterlingual gangguan dari L1.Dalam studi lain yang dilakukan oleh Al-khresheh (2010) pada interlingual gangguan dalam bahasa Inggrisstruktur urutan kata bahasa, ia menemukan bahwa pelajar Jordanian EFL melakukan sejumlah besarsintaksis interlingual kesalahan dalam urutan kata dalam kalimat sederhana struktur. Ia mengungkapkanyang ini comm
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:[Salinan]
Disalin!
An Investigation of Interlingual Interference in the use of ‘and’
as a Syntactic Coordinating Structure by Jordanian EFL
Learners
Mohammad Hamad Al-Khresheh
Doctoral Candidate, Department of English Language
Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya, Malaysia
E-mail: al-khresheh@hotmail.com
Abstract
This study is an investigation of performance analysis. It analyses a composition written by
a group of Arabic-speaking Jordanian learners of English in order to investigate the carryover
of Arabic (L1) syntactic structures into English (L2). The major focus of this study is
on the errors committed by these EFL learners in using one English syntactic category,
namely, the coordinating conjunction ‘and’, which is equivalent to “wa” in Arabic. This
study aims to investigate whether the errors in the use of this syntactic category by
Jordanian EFL learners can be attributed to interlingual interference as well as to identify
the frequency of these committed errors in their written production. To achieve these
objectives, a composition test was utilised in this study. The subjects of the study consisted
of 120 students studying English as a FL at Jordanian schools, located in the south of
Jordan. The findings of the study suggest, firstly, that the subjects committed a huge
number of errors with respect to the coordinating conjunction ‘and’. Secondly, interlingual
interference might be the main cause of committing this huge number of these errors. On
the basis of these findings, a group of recommendations to further research are suggested
and some pedagogical implications which might improve the EFL teaching-learning
process are discussed.
Keywords: Interlingual interference, Contrastive analysis, EFL.
1. Introduction
Since Arab EFL learners face much difficulty in learning English, there has been a growing body of
research investigating errors committed by these EFL learners. The present study focuses on EFL
learners in Jordan where English is taught in as a foreign language (FL). It is not really used in the
daily life situation because Arabic is the language of communication. Because of having such
circumstances in the Arab world, it is quite difficult for Arab EFL learners to communicate in the
target language in their daily life (Rababah, 2003).
It is also observed that despite 12 years of learning English as a foreign language from the first
to the second secondary grade, the majority of Jordanian EFL school students are very weak at reading,
writing, listening and speaking. Al-khresheh (2010:105) states that “in spite of the long period where
English was taught in Jordanian schools and the importance given to its curriculum, it is generally
observed that students are unable to write a simple meaningful sentence without committing an error”.
He also reveals that because of having such situation, Jordanian EFL learners commit many
grammatical and syntactic errors. Therefore, there should be a need for purposeful studies that help us
identify the weaknesses of Jordanian EFL learners in their acquisition of English.
European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 3 (2011)
427
One of the language areas in which Jordanian school students commit serious errors is the
writing skill. Al-Jarrah (2001) defines writing in a foreign or a second language as an overwhelming
experience, particularly, for students whose native language is not similar to the target language, i.e.
Arabic–speaking students writing in English. In the same vein, Rababah (2003) states that Jordanian
students face much difficulty in writing in English.
As a result of such situation, Jordanian EFL school students are expected to commit many
syntactic, grammatical, semantic and lexical errors while learning English. Based on that, this study
intends to explore the carry-over of syntactic structures from L1 to L2 by Jordanian EFL learners. This
warrants a discussion of Arabic and English syntactic structures with respect to the coordinating
conjunction ‘and’.
In English, the coordinative conjunction ‘and’ is used to connect two similar grammatical
structures, i.e. two words, two clauses or two phrases. “English items in a series are separated by
commas, and the co-ordinate conjunction ‘and’ is used just before the last word”. In contrast, Arabic
sentences usually start with ‘and’ or ‘so’, and “each item in a series is preceded by the conjunction
‘wa’ which is equivalent to ‘and’” (Diab, 1996).
Obviously, coordination and subordination are two syntactic structures that are utilized in
writing in both Arabic and English (Othman, 2004). It has been frequently argued that the two
languages speakers differ in their preferences of each syntactic relation. English prefers subordination
over coordination, whilst Arabic prefers the use of coordination over subordination (Diab, 1996).
The over use of coordination is very common in the writings of Arab EFL learners (Johnstone,
1987). This is due to the fact that coordination is particularly frequent in written Arabic and it is
uncommon in modern written English (Ostler, 1987).
2. Literature Review
In recent years, many studies on FL acquisition have been conducted focusing on learners’ errors to
investigate the difficulties involved in acquiring a FL. These studies have helped FL teachers to be
aware of the difficulty areas encountered by their students and dedicate particular emphasis on them.
Corder (1967:27) says “We cannot really teach language, we can only create conditions in which it will
develop spontaneously in the mind in its own way”. In this quotation, he asserts on the role of the
language teacher by creating good learning conditions in acquiring a new language. Habash (1982) also
adds that the dream of all EFL teachers is to have EFL students who can speak and write correctly. In
fact, having EFL students who speak and write correctly is not a dream if we can really create good
learning conditions and follow good language teaching strategies.
Naturally, it is well-known that no one can learn or acquire any language without committing
errors. Learning or acquiring any language might be faced with some problems such as errors or
mistakes. Corder (1981) states that these committed errors or mistakes by English foreign learners
while learning process are considered as obligatory feature of learning. In other words, they are
considered as a part of the learning process as well as a device a learner uses to learn. Ranganayki
(1983:2) points out that “the errors are not problems to be overcome or evils to be eradicated”, they are
simply a part of the language learning process. Thus, no one can achieve competence in any language
without committing errors. Similarly, Corder (1973:257) asserts that the study of errors can help us to
“infer what the nature of learners’ knowledge is at that point of time in their learning career and what
more has to be learnt”.
In reviewing some studies conducted on the writing errors committed by Arab EFL learners,
many studies show that Arab EFL students face severe problems in writing while learning English
process. Researchers, such as Abdulmoneim (2000) and Abisamra (2003), state that most of the
syntactic errors committed by Arab EFL learners in their written production are because of the
interference of their first language. Interference or transfer from native language could be taken as ‘a
matter of habit’, and negative transfer would be obvious in cases of differences between the L1 and the
European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 3 (2011)
428
L2. (Abdulmoneim, 2000). Gass and Selinker (1989) define transfer as “a learning strategy or a
communicative strategy”. That means EFL learners use their L1 in order to facilitate their language
learning process. According to Oldin (1989) interference could be defined as “the influence resulting
from similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been
previously acquired”. Researchers such as Jackson (1987), Corder (1973) and Jackobovists (1970)
have emphasized that when the EFL learners don’t know how to express something in the foreign
language, they directly refer to their native language. This fact has been clearly stated and confirmed
by many researchers such as Diab (1996) who conducted her research to identify, analyze, and classify
the writing errors of Lebanese EFL students. She collected 73 English essays written by Lebanese
university EFL students. As a result, she found that Lebanese EFL students committed many
grammatical, lexical, semantic and syntactic errors. These errors were attributed to a negative
interlingual transfer from Arabic linguistic structures into English.
Abisamra (2003) studied a group of ten essays written by Arabic-speaking EFL students in the
ninth grade. After analysis, she found a total of 214 errors (29 grammatical, 35 syntactic, 26 lexical, 3
semantic, and 120 substances errors). The major cause of their committed errors was not only negative
L1 transfer “interference” but also intralingual interference.
In a study conducted by Abdullomoneim (2005), a total of 420 errors were found in 42 essays.
He has emphasized that some of these errors could be attributed to negative interlingual transfer and
committing such these errors indicates that EFL students depend on interlingual and intralingual
strategies to facilitate their learning process.
Al-khresheh (2006) analysed 20 essays written by Jordanian undergraduate EFL learners. He
found that students committed a huge number of grammatical, syntactic and lexical errors because of
interlingual interference from their L1.
In another study conducted by Al-khresheh (2010) on interlingual interference in the English
language word order structure, he found that Jordanian EFL learners committed a huge number of
syntactic interlingual errors with regard to word order within simple sentence structure. He revealed
that these comm
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
 
Bahasa lainnya
Dukungan alat penerjemahan: Afrikans, Albania, Amhara, Arab, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahasa Indonesia, Basque, Belanda, Belarussia, Bengali, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Burma, Cebuano, Ceko, Chichewa, China, Cina Tradisional, Denmark, Deteksi bahasa, Esperanto, Estonia, Farsi, Finlandia, Frisia, Gaelig, Gaelik Skotlandia, Galisia, Georgia, Gujarati, Hausa, Hawaii, Hindi, Hmong, Ibrani, Igbo, Inggris, Islan, Italia, Jawa, Jepang, Jerman, Kannada, Katala, Kazak, Khmer, Kinyarwanda, Kirghiz, Klingon, Korea, Korsika, Kreol Haiti, Kroat, Kurdi, Laos, Latin, Latvia, Lituania, Luksemburg, Magyar, Makedonia, Malagasi, Malayalam, Malta, Maori, Marathi, Melayu, Mongol, Nepal, Norsk, Odia (Oriya), Pashto, Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Punjabi, Rumania, Rusia, Samoa, Serb, Sesotho, Shona, Sindhi, Sinhala, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somali, Spanyol, Sunda, Swahili, Swensk, Tagalog, Tajik, Tamil, Tatar, Telugu, Thai, Turki, Turkmen, Ukraina, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Vietnam, Wales, Xhosa, Yiddi, Yoruba, Yunani, Zulu, Bahasa terjemahan.

Copyright ©2024 I Love Translation. All reserved.

E-mail: