- Teks
- Sejarah
Condition to monitorChange in deduc
Condition to monitor
Change in deductibles
Change in reinsurance retention limits
Claim department philosophy toward the degree of resistance to settling claims
Change in proportion of claims handled by independent and employed adjusters
Turnover in claims personnel
Claim department budgets and costs
Timing of claim flow from accident to accounting date
Cutoff for processing new claims
Shifts in the flow of claim payment
Closed without payment (“CWP”) activity
Reopened claim activity
Stability of case-basis reserving process
Changes in the definition of a claim qualifying for fast-track or formula reserve status
Loss ratios by accident period (year/quarter)
Adequacy of recognition given to inflation in reserving process
Activity in large claims
Changes in partial payments on open claims in proportion to payments on closed claims
Timing of payment of legal fees to defense attorneys
Legislative changes
How to monitor
Review production statistics summarizing deductible amount.
Reinsurance treaty abstracts and files.
Review statistics as to percentage of claims in suit.
Inquiries of claim department personnel.
Review internal claim department statistics bearing on this.
Review personnel department statistics.
Review budgets and compare to actual.
Review statistics bearing on % of capacity at which claim department is operating (i.e. , claims per examiner).
Review IBNR claim count emergence (if measured often enough).
Review number of days interval from accident date to report date and from report date to accounting date.
Count unprocessed claims in-house at each evaluation date.
Review reports of unprocessed claims in the field.
Inquire of cutoff procedures at each cutoff date.
Measure comparative claim payment data in great detail (i.e. , by day, by state, or region, within line) and evaluate for aberrations.
Review comparative statistics by exposure period of the % of reported claims that are closed.
Review monthly reports of number of units CWP.
Review monthly reports of number of units reopened.
Inquiries of claim department personnel.
Review average reserve statistics on all open claims and all new cases.
Review reserve revision activity.
Make inquiries of claim adjusters.
Inquire of claim department fast-track reserving policy.
Review computation of average reserves.
Adjust reported loss ratios by reallocating favorable or unfavorable loss development to the appropriate period.
Review historical severity data; determine whether severity changes correlate with any broad index of inflation.
Review statistics on open claims and on closed claims, stratified by size.
Maintain and review statistics on partial payments by exposure period.
Inquire of billing and payment terms with defense attorneys.
Significant changes would normally be well publicized in insurance and general business press.
Potential effects
If policy limits increase dramatically, and:
• Reinsurance retention limits do not change , and
• Retention limits are at or below average policy limits before limits increase, net severities will not be affected .
If average deductible increases, claim frequency is reduced. Severity will increase, because many low severity claims are eliminated by higher deductible.
Net historical severities based on lower retentions will understate future severities when retention is increased and statistical methods are used.
Slowdown in settlement patterns, particularly with respect to the more serious claims.
Increase in legal costs, which, in theory, should be partially or wholly offset by reduction in loss costs.
Changes will affect the allocated and unallocated proportions of loss adjustment expenses.
Case-basis reserving practices may change when different examiners handle claims.
Change in aggregate experience among examiners could affect loss ratios.
ULAE costs as a % of claim costs may vary from historical rates in the future if operating changes occur.
When claim department is operating at less than capacity (i.e. , start- up, new hiring, and training costs are incurred in anticipation of future volume increase), ULAE costs will not rise as fast as claim costs when the increased claim volume occurs.
IBNR claim factors based on historical emergence do not adequately measure current exposure to IBNR loss emergence.
IBNR reserve needs fluctuate as processing cutoff changes.
Projections tied to paid development will be influenced by shifts in payment patterns.
During the period in which activity is changing, average severities (if based on closed claim units) will be distorted because denominator in fraction is changing.
Reserves may be understated if reopen activity in future will increase as a result of current CWP activity.
Reserve estimates may under or over provide for reopens when volume is changing.
Case-basis reserve development will occur in different patterns than in the past.
Higher fast-track limits, for example, would increase fast-track portion of the IBNR reserve. It would also reduce the number of case-basis reserved claims and increase their severity (i.e., low severity claims are not case reserved, but bulk-reserved as fast-track).
Change in proportion of claims formula-reserved would also affect number of claims case reserved and their severity.
Would reveal significant understatement of reserves from current accident period.
Depends on manner in which inflation is provided for, which may alternatively be:
• Based on historical severity increase.
• Explicit projection into the future using econometric estimates.
• For case-basis reserves, may be aggregate of individual estimates.
• For IBNR reserves, if premiums are exposure base, assumption is that premium rate adequately reflects future inflation.
Severities can be affected by changes in proportion of extremely large claims, both open and closed.
Severities (both closed and open) can be affected by partial payment shifts.
ALAE paid-to-paid ratios will be temporarily distorted.
Effects could be wide-ranging, depending on change.
Action to be Taken
If the policy limit change is dramatic, consider effect on severity (frequency should not be affected). To assist in measuring effect:
• Accumulate history of settlements at policy limits. This is the type claim for which the severity could increase dramatically.
• Actuaries may be able to estimate effect through ratemaking data.
Recognize reduced frequency and increased severity in reserve estimates.
When data base is net of reinsurance, measure the volume of losses ceded from prior years in the “corridor” between old and new retention limits, and use this data to estimate the effect of the retention increase.
When the data base is gross of reinsurance, the ceded credit (on IBNR reserve) should be reduced to estimate the effect of the …..
Make appropriate changes in ALAE factors.
If change has already affected payment patterns, adjust or give reduced credence to the projections that rely on payment patterns.
Change ALAE and ULAE factors accordingly.
Review claim statistics for evidence of any effect of turnover in personnel and take appropriate action.
Recognize the “semi-fixed” nature of claim department costs and consider the effects on historical and projected LAE factors caused by efficiency and excess capacity.
Measure impact on IBNR losses of interval from accident date to accounting date, and load the IBNR factors positively or negatively to provide for effect.
Adjust IBNR factors based on change in processing cutoff.
In cases of significant shift in payment pattern, adjust or give reduced credence to projections that rely on payment patterns.
Determine whether change in activity is simply a “cleaning up” process (i.e., units should have been closed previously) or represents a change in the degree of aggressiveness toward resisting claims.
Rely on paid severities if an alternative to closed severities.
If increased reopens are expected to result, provide for this circumstance either in IBNR factor or in the case-basis reserve development.
Determine company practices to provide for reopened claims.
Determine what level of reopen activity is indicative of the future, and provide for it on that basis.
Adjust or begin providing case-basis reserve supplements to provide for expected development on case-basis reserves.
An action generally not recommended is to instruct claims examiners to alter their reserving practices.
In analyzing number and severity of case-basis reserves, recognize how fast-track and formula reserve changes affect it.
With respect to effect of fast-track changes on IBNR reserves, measure additional reserves related to new claims qualifying for fast-track status, and adjust IBNR factors and reserves for it.
Consider supplemental reserves or use of loss ratio method for most current accident quarter(s).
Determine whether the methodology used forms an adequate basis for estimating the effect of inflation on future settlements.
Consider removing claims over a certain dollar limit from data base and analyzing them separately.
Give separate recognition to partial payments in loss statistics.
Base ALAE paid-to-paid factors on new payment patterns.
Depends on nature of change.
Text Reference
Page 345
Pages 340-344
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Page 442
Pages 417-419
Chapter 4
Pages 403-406
Pages 192-196
Pages 361-369
Pages 210-215
Pages 375-383
Pages 390-393
Pages 203-210
Pages 346-349
Pages 464-474
Pages 191-192
Chapter 9
Pages 322-330
Pages 333-349
Pages 383-390
Chapter 13
Chapter 5
Change in deductibles
Change in reinsurance retention limits
Claim department philosophy toward the degree of resistance to settling claims
Change in proportion of claims handled by independent and employed adjusters
Turnover in claims personnel
Claim department budgets and costs
Timing of claim flow from accident to accounting date
Cutoff for processing new claims
Shifts in the flow of claim payment
Closed without payment (“CWP”) activity
Reopened claim activity
Stability of case-basis reserving process
Changes in the definition of a claim qualifying for fast-track or formula reserve status
Loss ratios by accident period (year/quarter)
Adequacy of recognition given to inflation in reserving process
Activity in large claims
Changes in partial payments on open claims in proportion to payments on closed claims
Timing of payment of legal fees to defense attorneys
Legislative changes
How to monitor
Review production statistics summarizing deductible amount.
Reinsurance treaty abstracts and files.
Review statistics as to percentage of claims in suit.
Inquiries of claim department personnel.
Review internal claim department statistics bearing on this.
Review personnel department statistics.
Review budgets and compare to actual.
Review statistics bearing on % of capacity at which claim department is operating (i.e. , claims per examiner).
Review IBNR claim count emergence (if measured often enough).
Review number of days interval from accident date to report date and from report date to accounting date.
Count unprocessed claims in-house at each evaluation date.
Review reports of unprocessed claims in the field.
Inquire of cutoff procedures at each cutoff date.
Measure comparative claim payment data in great detail (i.e. , by day, by state, or region, within line) and evaluate for aberrations.
Review comparative statistics by exposure period of the % of reported claims that are closed.
Review monthly reports of number of units CWP.
Review monthly reports of number of units reopened.
Inquiries of claim department personnel.
Review average reserve statistics on all open claims and all new cases.
Review reserve revision activity.
Make inquiries of claim adjusters.
Inquire of claim department fast-track reserving policy.
Review computation of average reserves.
Adjust reported loss ratios by reallocating favorable or unfavorable loss development to the appropriate period.
Review historical severity data; determine whether severity changes correlate with any broad index of inflation.
Review statistics on open claims and on closed claims, stratified by size.
Maintain and review statistics on partial payments by exposure period.
Inquire of billing and payment terms with defense attorneys.
Significant changes would normally be well publicized in insurance and general business press.
Potential effects
If policy limits increase dramatically, and:
• Reinsurance retention limits do not change , and
• Retention limits are at or below average policy limits before limits increase, net severities will not be affected .
If average deductible increases, claim frequency is reduced. Severity will increase, because many low severity claims are eliminated by higher deductible.
Net historical severities based on lower retentions will understate future severities when retention is increased and statistical methods are used.
Slowdown in settlement patterns, particularly with respect to the more serious claims.
Increase in legal costs, which, in theory, should be partially or wholly offset by reduction in loss costs.
Changes will affect the allocated and unallocated proportions of loss adjustment expenses.
Case-basis reserving practices may change when different examiners handle claims.
Change in aggregate experience among examiners could affect loss ratios.
ULAE costs as a % of claim costs may vary from historical rates in the future if operating changes occur.
When claim department is operating at less than capacity (i.e. , start- up, new hiring, and training costs are incurred in anticipation of future volume increase), ULAE costs will not rise as fast as claim costs when the increased claim volume occurs.
IBNR claim factors based on historical emergence do not adequately measure current exposure to IBNR loss emergence.
IBNR reserve needs fluctuate as processing cutoff changes.
Projections tied to paid development will be influenced by shifts in payment patterns.
During the period in which activity is changing, average severities (if based on closed claim units) will be distorted because denominator in fraction is changing.
Reserves may be understated if reopen activity in future will increase as a result of current CWP activity.
Reserve estimates may under or over provide for reopens when volume is changing.
Case-basis reserve development will occur in different patterns than in the past.
Higher fast-track limits, for example, would increase fast-track portion of the IBNR reserve. It would also reduce the number of case-basis reserved claims and increase their severity (i.e., low severity claims are not case reserved, but bulk-reserved as fast-track).
Change in proportion of claims formula-reserved would also affect number of claims case reserved and their severity.
Would reveal significant understatement of reserves from current accident period.
Depends on manner in which inflation is provided for, which may alternatively be:
• Based on historical severity increase.
• Explicit projection into the future using econometric estimates.
• For case-basis reserves, may be aggregate of individual estimates.
• For IBNR reserves, if premiums are exposure base, assumption is that premium rate adequately reflects future inflation.
Severities can be affected by changes in proportion of extremely large claims, both open and closed.
Severities (both closed and open) can be affected by partial payment shifts.
ALAE paid-to-paid ratios will be temporarily distorted.
Effects could be wide-ranging, depending on change.
Action to be Taken
If the policy limit change is dramatic, consider effect on severity (frequency should not be affected). To assist in measuring effect:
• Accumulate history of settlements at policy limits. This is the type claim for which the severity could increase dramatically.
• Actuaries may be able to estimate effect through ratemaking data.
Recognize reduced frequency and increased severity in reserve estimates.
When data base is net of reinsurance, measure the volume of losses ceded from prior years in the “corridor” between old and new retention limits, and use this data to estimate the effect of the retention increase.
When the data base is gross of reinsurance, the ceded credit (on IBNR reserve) should be reduced to estimate the effect of the …..
Make appropriate changes in ALAE factors.
If change has already affected payment patterns, adjust or give reduced credence to the projections that rely on payment patterns.
Change ALAE and ULAE factors accordingly.
Review claim statistics for evidence of any effect of turnover in personnel and take appropriate action.
Recognize the “semi-fixed” nature of claim department costs and consider the effects on historical and projected LAE factors caused by efficiency and excess capacity.
Measure impact on IBNR losses of interval from accident date to accounting date, and load the IBNR factors positively or negatively to provide for effect.
Adjust IBNR factors based on change in processing cutoff.
In cases of significant shift in payment pattern, adjust or give reduced credence to projections that rely on payment patterns.
Determine whether change in activity is simply a “cleaning up” process (i.e., units should have been closed previously) or represents a change in the degree of aggressiveness toward resisting claims.
Rely on paid severities if an alternative to closed severities.
If increased reopens are expected to result, provide for this circumstance either in IBNR factor or in the case-basis reserve development.
Determine company practices to provide for reopened claims.
Determine what level of reopen activity is indicative of the future, and provide for it on that basis.
Adjust or begin providing case-basis reserve supplements to provide for expected development on case-basis reserves.
An action generally not recommended is to instruct claims examiners to alter their reserving practices.
In analyzing number and severity of case-basis reserves, recognize how fast-track and formula reserve changes affect it.
With respect to effect of fast-track changes on IBNR reserves, measure additional reserves related to new claims qualifying for fast-track status, and adjust IBNR factors and reserves for it.
Consider supplemental reserves or use of loss ratio method for most current accident quarter(s).
Determine whether the methodology used forms an adequate basis for estimating the effect of inflation on future settlements.
Consider removing claims over a certain dollar limit from data base and analyzing them separately.
Give separate recognition to partial payments in loss statistics.
Base ALAE paid-to-paid factors on new payment patterns.
Depends on nature of change.
Text Reference
Page 345
Pages 340-344
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Chapter 4
Page 442
Pages 417-419
Chapter 4
Pages 403-406
Pages 192-196
Pages 361-369
Pages 210-215
Pages 375-383
Pages 390-393
Pages 203-210
Pages 346-349
Pages 464-474
Pages 191-192
Chapter 9
Pages 322-330
Pages 333-349
Pages 383-390
Chapter 13
Chapter 5
0/5000
Condition to monitorChange in deductiblesChange in reinsurance retention limitsClaim department philosophy toward the degree of resistance to settling claimsChange in proportion of claims handled by independent and employed adjustersTurnover in claims personnelClaim department budgets and costsTiming of claim flow from accident to accounting dateCutoff for processing new claimsShifts in the flow of claim paymentClosed without payment (“CWP”) activityReopened claim activityStability of case-basis reserving processChanges in the definition of a claim qualifying for fast-track or formula reserve statusLoss ratios by accident period (year/quarter)Adequacy of recognition given to inflation in reserving processActivity in large claimsChanges in partial payments on open claims in proportion to payments on closed claimsTiming of payment of legal fees to defense attorneysLegislative changesHow to monitorReview production statistics summarizing deductible amount.Reinsurance treaty abstracts and files.Review statistics as to percentage of claims in suit.Inquiries of claim department personnel.Review internal claim department statistics bearing on this.Review personnel department statistics.Review budgets and compare to actual.Review statistics bearing on % of capacity at which claim department is operating (i.e. , claims per examiner).Review IBNR claim count emergence (if measured often enough).Review number of days interval from accident date to report date and from report date to accounting date.Count unprocessed claims in-house at each evaluation date.Review reports of unprocessed claims in the field.Inquire of cutoff procedures at each cutoff date.Measure comparative claim payment data in great detail (i.e. , by day, by state, or region, within line) and evaluate for aberrations.Review comparative statistics by exposure period of the % of reported claims that are closed.Review monthly reports of number of units CWP.Review monthly reports of number of units reopened.Inquiries of claim department personnel.Review average reserve statistics on all open claims and all new cases.Review reserve revision activity.Make inquiries of claim adjusters.Inquire of claim department fast-track reserving policy.Review computation of average reserves.Adjust reported loss ratios by reallocating favorable or unfavorable loss development to the appropriate period.Review historical severity data; determine whether severity changes correlate with any broad index of inflation.Review statistics on open claims and on closed claims, stratified by size.Maintain and review statistics on partial payments by exposure period.Inquire of billing and payment terms with defense attorneys.Significant changes would normally be well publicized in insurance and general business press.Potential effectsIf policy limits increase dramatically, and:• Reinsurance retention limits do not change , and • Retention limits are at or below average policy limits before limits increase, net severities will not be affected .If average deductible increases, claim frequency is reduced. Severity will increase, because many low severity claims are eliminated by higher deductible.Net historical severities based on lower retentions will understate future severities when retention is increased and statistical methods are used.Slowdown in settlement patterns, particularly with respect to the more serious claims.Increase in legal costs, which, in theory, should be partially or wholly offset by reduction in loss costs.Changes will affect the allocated and unallocated proportions of loss adjustment expenses.Case-basis reserving practices may change when different examiners handle claims.Change in aggregate experience among examiners could affect loss ratios.ULAE costs as a % of claim costs may vary from historical rates in the future if operating changes occur.When claim department is operating at less than capacity (i.e. , start- up, new hiring, and training costs are incurred in anticipation of future volume increase), ULAE costs will not rise as fast as claim costs when the increased claim volume occurs.IBNR claim factors based on historical emergence do not adequately measure current exposure to IBNR loss emergence.IBNR reserve needs fluctuate as processing cutoff changes.Projections tied to paid development will be influenced by shifts in payment patterns.During the period in which activity is changing, average severities (if based on closed claim units) will be distorted because denominator in fraction is changing.Reserves may be understated if reopen activity in future will increase as a result of current CWP activity.Reserve estimates may under or over provide for reopens when volume is changing.Case-basis reserve development will occur in different patterns than in the past.Higher fast-track limits, for example, would increase fast-track portion of the IBNR reserve. It would also reduce the number of case-basis reserved claims and increase their severity (i.e., low severity claims are not case reserved, but bulk-reserved as fast-track).Change in proportion of claims formula-reserved would also affect number of claims case reserved and their severity.Would reveal significant understatement of reserves from current accident period.Depends on manner in which inflation is provided for, which may alternatively be:• Based on historical severity increase.• Explicit projection into the future using econometric estimates.• For case-basis reserves, may be aggregate of individual estimates.• For IBNR reserves, if premiums are exposure base, assumption is that premium rate adequately reflects future inflation.Severities can be affected by changes in proportion of extremely large claims, both open and closed.Severities (both closed and open) can be affected by partial payment shifts.ALAE paid-to-paid ratios will be temporarily distorted.Effects could be wide-ranging, depending on change.Action to be TakenIf the policy limit change is dramatic, consider effect on severity (frequency should not be affected). To assist in measuring effect:• Accumulate history of settlements at policy limits. This is the type claim for which the severity could increase dramatically.• Actuaries may be able to estimate effect through ratemaking data.Recognize reduced frequency and increased severity in reserve estimates.When data base is net of reinsurance, measure the volume of losses ceded from prior years in the “corridor” between old and new retention limits, and use this data to estimate the effect of the retention increase.When the data base is gross of reinsurance, the ceded credit (on IBNR reserve) should be reduced to estimate the effect of the …..Make appropriate changes in ALAE factors.If change has already affected payment patterns, adjust or give reduced credence to the projections that rely on payment patterns.Change ALAE and ULAE factors accordingly.Review claim statistics for evidence of any effect of turnover in personnel and take appropriate action.Recognize the “semi-fixed” nature of claim department costs and consider the effects on historical and projected LAE factors caused by efficiency and excess capacity.Measure impact on IBNR losses of interval from accident date to accounting date, and load the IBNR factors positively or negatively to provide for effect.Adjust IBNR factors based on change in processing cutoff.In cases of significant shift in payment pattern, adjust or give reduced credence to projections that rely on payment patterns. Determine whether change in activity is simply a “cleaning up” process (i.e., units should have been closed previously) or represents a change in the degree of aggressiveness toward resisting claims.Rely on paid severities if an alternative to closed severities.If increased reopens are expected to result, provide for this circumstance either in IBNR factor or in the case-basis reserve development.Determine company practices to provide for reopened claims.Determine what level of reopen activity is indicative of the future, and provide for it on that basis.Adjust or begin providing case-basis reserve supplements to provide for expected development on case-basis reserves.An action generally not recommended is to instruct claims examiners to alter their reserving practices.In analyzing number and severity of case-basis reserves, recognize how fast-track and formula reserve changes affect it.With respect to effect of fast-track changes on IBNR reserves, measure additional reserves related to new claims qualifying for fast-track status, and adjust IBNR factors and reserves for it.Consider supplemental reserves or use of loss ratio method for most current accident quarter(s).Determine whether the methodology used forms an adequate basis for estimating the effect of inflation on future settlements.Consider removing claims over a certain dollar limit from data base and analyzing them separately.Give separate recognition to partial payments in loss statistics.Base ALAE paid-to-paid factors on new payment patterns.Depends on nature of change.Text ReferencePage 345Pages 340-344Chapter 4Chapter 4Chapter 4Chapter 4Page 442Pages 417-419Chapter 4Pages 403-406Pages 192-196Pages 361-369Pages 210-215Pages 375-383Pages 390-393Pages 203-210Pages 346-349Pages 464-474Pages 191-192Chapter 9Pages 322-330Pages 333-349Pages 383-390Chapter 13Chapter 5
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
Kondisi untuk memantau
Perubahan deductible
Perubahan batas retensi reasuransi
Klaim filosofi departemen terhadap tingkat resistensi terhadap penyelesaian klaim
Perubahan proporsi klaim ditangani oleh independen dan adjuster digunakan
Turnover personil klaim
Klaim anggaran departemen dan biaya
Timing klaim aliran dari kecelakaan akuntansi tanggal
cutoff untuk memproses klaim baru
Pergeseran aliran pembayaran klaim
Ditutup tanpa pembayaran ("CWP") aktivitas
Dibuka kembali aktivitas klaim
Stabilitas kasus-dasar proses pemesanan
Perubahan definisi klaim lolos ke jalur cepat atau formula cadangan Status
rasio Rugi menurut periode kecelakaan (tahun / triwulan)
Kecukupan pengakuan yang diberikan kepada inflasi pemesanan proses
Kegiatan klaim besar
Perubahan pembayaran parsial pada klaim terbuka secara proporsional dengan pembayaran klaim tertutup
Waktu pembayaran biaya hukum untuk pengacara pertahanan
perubahan Legislatif Bagaimana memonitor Ulasan statistik produksi meringkas jumlah dikurangkan. abstrak perjanjian reasuransi dan file. Tinjau statistik untuk persentase klaim dalam setelan. Pertanyaan personil departemen klaim. Tinjau statistik departemen klaim internal yang bantalan ini. Ulasan statistik departemen personalia. Tinjau anggaran dan dibandingkan dengan yang sebenarnya. Ulasan Statistik bantalan pada% dari kapasitas yang mengklaim departemen operasi (yaitu, klaim per pemeriksa). Ulasan IBNR klaim count munculnya (jika diukur cukup sering). Tinjau jumlah interval hari sejak tanggal kecelakaan dengan tanggal laporan dan dari tanggal laporan sampai saat ini akuntansi . Hitung klaim diproses di rumah pada setiap tanggal evaluasi. Tinjau laporan klaim diproses di lapangan. Menanyakan prosedur cutoff pada setiap tanggal cutoff. Mengukur data pembayaran klaim perbandingan rinci (yaitu, hari, oleh negara, atau wilayah, dalam line) dan mengevaluasi penyimpangan. Tinjau statistik perbandingan dengan periode paparan dari% dari klaim melaporkan bahwa ditutup. Tinjau laporan bulanan jumlah unit CWP. Tinjau laporan bulanan jumlah unit dibuka kembali. Pertanyaan personil departemen klaim. Ulasan rata Statistik cadangan pada semua klaim terbuka dan semua kasus baru. Ulasan aktivitas revisi cadangan. Membuat pertanyaan klaim adjuster. Menanyakan departemen klaim jalur cepat pemesanan kebijakan. Tinjau perhitungan cadangan rata-rata. Sesuaikan rasio kerugian yang dilaporkan oleh realokasi pembangunan kerugian menguntungkan atau tidak menguntungkan untuk . periode yang sesuai Tinjau Data keparahan historis; menentukan apakah perubahan keparahan berkorelasi dengan indeks luas inflasi. Tinjau statistik klaim terbuka dan klaim tertutup, dikelompokkan berdasarkan ukuran. Menjaga dan meninjau statistik pembayaran parsial dengan periode paparan. Menanyakan penagihan dan pembayaran dengan pengacara pertahanan. Perubahan signifikan akan biasanya juga dipublikasikan asuransi dan umum tekan bisnis. Menimbulkan efek Jika batas kebijakan meningkat drastis, dan: • batas retensi reasuransi tidak berubah, dan batas • Retensi adalah pada atau di bawah batas kebijakan rata-rata sebelum batas kenaikan, severities bersih tidak akan terpengaruh . Jika rata-rata dikurangkan meningkat, klaim frekuensi berkurang. Severity akan meningkat, karena banyak klaim keparahan rendah dieliminasi oleh deductible yang lebih tinggi. severities sejarah Bersih berdasarkan retensi yang lebih rendah akan mengecilkan severities masa depan ketika retensi meningkat dan metode statistik yang digunakan. Perlambatan pola pemukiman, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan klaim yang lebih serius. Peningkatan biaya hukum, yang, dalam teori, harus sebagian atau seluruhnya diimbangi oleh penurunan biaya kerugian. Perubahan akan mempengaruhi proporsi yang dialokasikan dan tidak terisi biaya penyesuaian rugi. praktek pemesanan Kasus-dasar dapat berubah ketika pemeriksa yang berbeda menangani klaim. Perubahan Pengalaman agregat antara pemeriksa dapat mempengaruhi rasio kerugian. ULAE biaya sebagai% dari biaya klaim dapat bervariasi dari kurs historis di masa depan jika perubahan operasi terjadi. Ketika departemen klaim beroperasi pada kurang dari kapasitas (yaitu, start-up, perekrutan baru, dan biaya pelatihan terjadi dalam mengantisipasi kenaikan volume yang di masa depan), biaya ULAE tidak akan naik secepat biaya klaim ketika peningkatan volume klaim terjadi. Faktor IBNR klaim berdasarkan sejarah munculnya tidak cukup mengukur paparan saat ini untuk IBNR kehilangan munculnya. kebutuhan IBNR cadangan berfluktuasi karena perubahan pengolahan cutoff. Proyeksi terkait dengan pembangunan dibayarkan akan dipengaruhi oleh pergeseran pola pembayaran. Selama periode di mana aktivitas berubah, severities rata-rata (jika berdasarkan unit klaim tertutup) akan terdistorsi karena denominator dalam fraksi berubah. Cadangan dapat understated jika membuka kembali aktivitas di masa depan akan meningkat sebagai akibat dari aktivitas CWP saat ini. Perkiraan Reserve mungkin di bawah atau di atas memberikan Dibuka Kembali ketika volume berubah. pengembangan kasus-basis cadangan akan terjadi dalam pola yang berbeda daripada di masa lalu. cepat-Tinggi Batas lagu, misalnya, akan meningkatkan jalur cepat porsi cadangan IBNR. Hal ini juga akan mengurangi jumlah kasus-dasar klaim milik dan meningkatkan keparahan mereka (yaitu, klaim keparahan rendah tidak terjadi dilindungi, tapi-massal dicadangkan sebagai jalur cepat). Perubahan proporsi klaim formula disediakan juga akan mempengaruhi jumlah mengklaim kasus-undang dan keparahan mereka. Akan mengungkapkan meremehkan signifikan cadangan dari periode kecelakaan saat. Tergantung pada cara di mana inflasi disediakan untuk, yang alternatif mungkin: . • Berdasarkan peningkatan keparahan sejarah • proyeksi eksplisit ke masa depan dengan menggunakan estimasi ekonometrik. • Untuk cadangan kasus-dasar, mungkin agregat perkiraan individu. • Untuk cadangan IBNR, jika premi dasar paparan, asumsi adalah bahwa tingkat premi memadai mencerminkan inflasi ke depan. severities dapat dipengaruhi oleh perubahan proporsi klaim yang sangat besar, baik terbuka dan ditutup. severities (baik tertutup dan terbuka) dapat dipengaruhi oleh pergeseran pembayaran sebagian. alae paid-to-bayar rasio akan sementara terdistorsi. Efek bisa luas, tergantung pada perubahan. Aksi yang harus Diambil Jika perubahan batas kebijakan dramatis, mempertimbangkan efek pada keparahan (frekuensi tidak akan terpengaruh). Untuk membantu berlaku mengukur: • Kumpulkan sejarah permukiman di batas kebijakan. Ini adalah klaim jenis yang beratnya bisa meningkat secara dramatis. • Aktuaris mungkin dapat memperkirakan efek melalui data ratemaking. Mengenali mengurangi frekuensi dan keparahan meningkat dalam cadangan memperkirakan. Ketika data base adalah bersih reasuransi, mengukur volume kerugian menyerahkan dari tahun sebelumnya dalam "koridor" antara batas retensi lama dan baru, dan menggunakan data ini untuk memperkirakan dampak dari kenaikan retensi. Ketika basis data kotor reasuransi, kredit menyerahkan (pada IBNR reserve) harus dikurangi untuk memperkirakan efek ... .. Lakukan perubahan yang sesuai dalam faktor alae. Jika perubahan telah mempengaruhi pola pembayaran, menyesuaikan atau memberikan pengurangan kepercayaan pada proyeksi yang mengandalkan pola pembayaran. Perubahan alae dan ULAE faktor sesuai. Tinjau statistik klaim untuk bukti efek apapun omset personil dan mengambil tindakan yang tepat. Kenali sifat "semi-fixed" biaya departemen klaim dan mempertimbangkan efek pada sejarah dan proyeksi faktor LAE disebabkan oleh efisiensi dan kelebihan kapasitas. Mengukur dampak pada IBNR kerugian interval dari tanggal kecelakaan akuntansi tanggal, dan memuat faktor IBNR positif atau negatif untuk menyediakan untuk efek. Sesuaikan faktor IBNR berdasarkan perubahan dalam pengolahan cutoff. Dalam kasus pergeseran signifikan dalam pola pembayaran, menyesuaikan atau memberikan mengurangi kepercayaan kepada proyeksi yang mengandalkan pola pembayaran. Tentukan apakah perubahan dalam kegiatan hanyalah sebuah "membersihkan" proses (yaitu, unit harus telah ditutup sebelumnya) atau merupakan perubahan tingkat agresivitas terhadap klaim menolak. Mengandalkan severities dibayar jika alternatif severities tertutup. Jika peningkatan Dibuka Kembali diharapkan Hasilnya, memberikan keadaan ini baik dalam faktor IBNR atau dalam pengembangan kasus-basis cadangan. Tentukan praktek perusahaan untuk menyediakan klaim dibuka kembali. Tentukan apa tingkat membuka kembali aktivitas merupakan indikasi masa depan, dan memberikan untuk itu atas dasar itu. Sesuaikan atau mulai menyediakan suplemen kasus-basis cadangan untuk memberikan pembangunan yang diharapkan pada cadangan kasus-dasar. Tindakan umumnya tidak dianjurkan adalah dengan menginstruksikan klaim pemeriksa untuk mengubah praktek-praktek pemesanan mereka. Dalam menganalisis jumlah dan tingkat keparahan cadangan kasus-dasar, mengenali bagaimana jalur cepat dan perubahan rumus cadangan mempengaruhinya. Sehubungan dengan efek perubahan jalur cepat pada cadangan IBNR, mengukur cadangan tambahan yang terkait dengan klaim baru kualifikasi status jalur cepat, dan menyesuaikan faktor IBNR dan cadangan untuk itu. Pertimbangkan cadangan tambahan atau penggunaan loss Metode rasio untuk sebagian kuartal kecelakaan saat (s). Tentukan apakah metodologi yang digunakan bentuk dasar yang memadai untuk memperkirakan pengaruh inflasi terhadap permukiman di masa depan. Pertimbangkan menghapus klaim atas batas dolar tertentu dari basis data dan menganalisis secara terpisah. Berikan pengakuan terpisah untuk pembayaran parsial dalam statistik rugi. Basis alae paid-to-bayar faktor pola pembayaran baru. Tergantung pada sifat perubahan. Referensi Teks Halaman 345 Halaman 340-344 Bab 4 Bab 4 Bab 4 Bab 4 Halaman 442 Halaman 417-419 Bab 4 Pages 403-406 Pages 192-196 Pages 361-369 Pages 210-215 Pages 375-383 Pages 390-393 Pages 203-210 Pages 346-349 Pages 464-474 Pages 191-192 Bab 9 Halaman 322-330 Pages 333-349 Pages 383-390 Bab 13 Bab 5
Perubahan deductible
Perubahan batas retensi reasuransi
Klaim filosofi departemen terhadap tingkat resistensi terhadap penyelesaian klaim
Perubahan proporsi klaim ditangani oleh independen dan adjuster digunakan
Turnover personil klaim
Klaim anggaran departemen dan biaya
Timing klaim aliran dari kecelakaan akuntansi tanggal
cutoff untuk memproses klaim baru
Pergeseran aliran pembayaran klaim
Ditutup tanpa pembayaran ("CWP") aktivitas
Dibuka kembali aktivitas klaim
Stabilitas kasus-dasar proses pemesanan
Perubahan definisi klaim lolos ke jalur cepat atau formula cadangan Status
rasio Rugi menurut periode kecelakaan (tahun / triwulan)
Kecukupan pengakuan yang diberikan kepada inflasi pemesanan proses
Kegiatan klaim besar
Perubahan pembayaran parsial pada klaim terbuka secara proporsional dengan pembayaran klaim tertutup
Waktu pembayaran biaya hukum untuk pengacara pertahanan
perubahan Legislatif Bagaimana memonitor Ulasan statistik produksi meringkas jumlah dikurangkan. abstrak perjanjian reasuransi dan file. Tinjau statistik untuk persentase klaim dalam setelan. Pertanyaan personil departemen klaim. Tinjau statistik departemen klaim internal yang bantalan ini. Ulasan statistik departemen personalia. Tinjau anggaran dan dibandingkan dengan yang sebenarnya. Ulasan Statistik bantalan pada% dari kapasitas yang mengklaim departemen operasi (yaitu, klaim per pemeriksa). Ulasan IBNR klaim count munculnya (jika diukur cukup sering). Tinjau jumlah interval hari sejak tanggal kecelakaan dengan tanggal laporan dan dari tanggal laporan sampai saat ini akuntansi . Hitung klaim diproses di rumah pada setiap tanggal evaluasi. Tinjau laporan klaim diproses di lapangan. Menanyakan prosedur cutoff pada setiap tanggal cutoff. Mengukur data pembayaran klaim perbandingan rinci (yaitu, hari, oleh negara, atau wilayah, dalam line) dan mengevaluasi penyimpangan. Tinjau statistik perbandingan dengan periode paparan dari% dari klaim melaporkan bahwa ditutup. Tinjau laporan bulanan jumlah unit CWP. Tinjau laporan bulanan jumlah unit dibuka kembali. Pertanyaan personil departemen klaim. Ulasan rata Statistik cadangan pada semua klaim terbuka dan semua kasus baru. Ulasan aktivitas revisi cadangan. Membuat pertanyaan klaim adjuster. Menanyakan departemen klaim jalur cepat pemesanan kebijakan. Tinjau perhitungan cadangan rata-rata. Sesuaikan rasio kerugian yang dilaporkan oleh realokasi pembangunan kerugian menguntungkan atau tidak menguntungkan untuk . periode yang sesuai Tinjau Data keparahan historis; menentukan apakah perubahan keparahan berkorelasi dengan indeks luas inflasi. Tinjau statistik klaim terbuka dan klaim tertutup, dikelompokkan berdasarkan ukuran. Menjaga dan meninjau statistik pembayaran parsial dengan periode paparan. Menanyakan penagihan dan pembayaran dengan pengacara pertahanan. Perubahan signifikan akan biasanya juga dipublikasikan asuransi dan umum tekan bisnis. Menimbulkan efek Jika batas kebijakan meningkat drastis, dan: • batas retensi reasuransi tidak berubah, dan batas • Retensi adalah pada atau di bawah batas kebijakan rata-rata sebelum batas kenaikan, severities bersih tidak akan terpengaruh . Jika rata-rata dikurangkan meningkat, klaim frekuensi berkurang. Severity akan meningkat, karena banyak klaim keparahan rendah dieliminasi oleh deductible yang lebih tinggi. severities sejarah Bersih berdasarkan retensi yang lebih rendah akan mengecilkan severities masa depan ketika retensi meningkat dan metode statistik yang digunakan. Perlambatan pola pemukiman, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan klaim yang lebih serius. Peningkatan biaya hukum, yang, dalam teori, harus sebagian atau seluruhnya diimbangi oleh penurunan biaya kerugian. Perubahan akan mempengaruhi proporsi yang dialokasikan dan tidak terisi biaya penyesuaian rugi. praktek pemesanan Kasus-dasar dapat berubah ketika pemeriksa yang berbeda menangani klaim. Perubahan Pengalaman agregat antara pemeriksa dapat mempengaruhi rasio kerugian. ULAE biaya sebagai% dari biaya klaim dapat bervariasi dari kurs historis di masa depan jika perubahan operasi terjadi. Ketika departemen klaim beroperasi pada kurang dari kapasitas (yaitu, start-up, perekrutan baru, dan biaya pelatihan terjadi dalam mengantisipasi kenaikan volume yang di masa depan), biaya ULAE tidak akan naik secepat biaya klaim ketika peningkatan volume klaim terjadi. Faktor IBNR klaim berdasarkan sejarah munculnya tidak cukup mengukur paparan saat ini untuk IBNR kehilangan munculnya. kebutuhan IBNR cadangan berfluktuasi karena perubahan pengolahan cutoff. Proyeksi terkait dengan pembangunan dibayarkan akan dipengaruhi oleh pergeseran pola pembayaran. Selama periode di mana aktivitas berubah, severities rata-rata (jika berdasarkan unit klaim tertutup) akan terdistorsi karena denominator dalam fraksi berubah. Cadangan dapat understated jika membuka kembali aktivitas di masa depan akan meningkat sebagai akibat dari aktivitas CWP saat ini. Perkiraan Reserve mungkin di bawah atau di atas memberikan Dibuka Kembali ketika volume berubah. pengembangan kasus-basis cadangan akan terjadi dalam pola yang berbeda daripada di masa lalu. cepat-Tinggi Batas lagu, misalnya, akan meningkatkan jalur cepat porsi cadangan IBNR. Hal ini juga akan mengurangi jumlah kasus-dasar klaim milik dan meningkatkan keparahan mereka (yaitu, klaim keparahan rendah tidak terjadi dilindungi, tapi-massal dicadangkan sebagai jalur cepat). Perubahan proporsi klaim formula disediakan juga akan mempengaruhi jumlah mengklaim kasus-undang dan keparahan mereka. Akan mengungkapkan meremehkan signifikan cadangan dari periode kecelakaan saat. Tergantung pada cara di mana inflasi disediakan untuk, yang alternatif mungkin: . • Berdasarkan peningkatan keparahan sejarah • proyeksi eksplisit ke masa depan dengan menggunakan estimasi ekonometrik. • Untuk cadangan kasus-dasar, mungkin agregat perkiraan individu. • Untuk cadangan IBNR, jika premi dasar paparan, asumsi adalah bahwa tingkat premi memadai mencerminkan inflasi ke depan. severities dapat dipengaruhi oleh perubahan proporsi klaim yang sangat besar, baik terbuka dan ditutup. severities (baik tertutup dan terbuka) dapat dipengaruhi oleh pergeseran pembayaran sebagian. alae paid-to-bayar rasio akan sementara terdistorsi. Efek bisa luas, tergantung pada perubahan. Aksi yang harus Diambil Jika perubahan batas kebijakan dramatis, mempertimbangkan efek pada keparahan (frekuensi tidak akan terpengaruh). Untuk membantu berlaku mengukur: • Kumpulkan sejarah permukiman di batas kebijakan. Ini adalah klaim jenis yang beratnya bisa meningkat secara dramatis. • Aktuaris mungkin dapat memperkirakan efek melalui data ratemaking. Mengenali mengurangi frekuensi dan keparahan meningkat dalam cadangan memperkirakan. Ketika data base adalah bersih reasuransi, mengukur volume kerugian menyerahkan dari tahun sebelumnya dalam "koridor" antara batas retensi lama dan baru, dan menggunakan data ini untuk memperkirakan dampak dari kenaikan retensi. Ketika basis data kotor reasuransi, kredit menyerahkan (pada IBNR reserve) harus dikurangi untuk memperkirakan efek ... .. Lakukan perubahan yang sesuai dalam faktor alae. Jika perubahan telah mempengaruhi pola pembayaran, menyesuaikan atau memberikan pengurangan kepercayaan pada proyeksi yang mengandalkan pola pembayaran. Perubahan alae dan ULAE faktor sesuai. Tinjau statistik klaim untuk bukti efek apapun omset personil dan mengambil tindakan yang tepat. Kenali sifat "semi-fixed" biaya departemen klaim dan mempertimbangkan efek pada sejarah dan proyeksi faktor LAE disebabkan oleh efisiensi dan kelebihan kapasitas. Mengukur dampak pada IBNR kerugian interval dari tanggal kecelakaan akuntansi tanggal, dan memuat faktor IBNR positif atau negatif untuk menyediakan untuk efek. Sesuaikan faktor IBNR berdasarkan perubahan dalam pengolahan cutoff. Dalam kasus pergeseran signifikan dalam pola pembayaran, menyesuaikan atau memberikan mengurangi kepercayaan kepada proyeksi yang mengandalkan pola pembayaran. Tentukan apakah perubahan dalam kegiatan hanyalah sebuah "membersihkan" proses (yaitu, unit harus telah ditutup sebelumnya) atau merupakan perubahan tingkat agresivitas terhadap klaim menolak. Mengandalkan severities dibayar jika alternatif severities tertutup. Jika peningkatan Dibuka Kembali diharapkan Hasilnya, memberikan keadaan ini baik dalam faktor IBNR atau dalam pengembangan kasus-basis cadangan. Tentukan praktek perusahaan untuk menyediakan klaim dibuka kembali. Tentukan apa tingkat membuka kembali aktivitas merupakan indikasi masa depan, dan memberikan untuk itu atas dasar itu. Sesuaikan atau mulai menyediakan suplemen kasus-basis cadangan untuk memberikan pembangunan yang diharapkan pada cadangan kasus-dasar. Tindakan umumnya tidak dianjurkan adalah dengan menginstruksikan klaim pemeriksa untuk mengubah praktek-praktek pemesanan mereka. Dalam menganalisis jumlah dan tingkat keparahan cadangan kasus-dasar, mengenali bagaimana jalur cepat dan perubahan rumus cadangan mempengaruhinya. Sehubungan dengan efek perubahan jalur cepat pada cadangan IBNR, mengukur cadangan tambahan yang terkait dengan klaim baru kualifikasi status jalur cepat, dan menyesuaikan faktor IBNR dan cadangan untuk itu. Pertimbangkan cadangan tambahan atau penggunaan loss Metode rasio untuk sebagian kuartal kecelakaan saat (s). Tentukan apakah metodologi yang digunakan bentuk dasar yang memadai untuk memperkirakan pengaruh inflasi terhadap permukiman di masa depan. Pertimbangkan menghapus klaim atas batas dolar tertentu dari basis data dan menganalisis secara terpisah. Berikan pengakuan terpisah untuk pembayaran parsial dalam statistik rugi. Basis alae paid-to-bayar faktor pola pembayaran baru. Tergantung pada sifat perubahan. Referensi Teks Halaman 345 Halaman 340-344 Bab 4 Bab 4 Bab 4 Bab 4 Halaman 442 Halaman 417-419 Bab 4 Pages 403-406 Pages 192-196 Pages 361-369 Pages 210-215 Pages 375-383 Pages 390-393 Pages 203-210 Pages 346-349 Pages 464-474 Pages 191-192 Bab 9 Halaman 322-330 Pages 333-349 Pages 383-390 Bab 13 Bab 5
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- Memendam rasa ini
