The tragic events of September 11,

The tragic events of September 11, 2001 have raised in the minds of many in
the West a number of questions about the connection between the sacred and
violence in Islam, and some Western commentators have gone as far as to
claim that violence is built into the Qur’an.2 The main argument of this
chapter is that explaining the attacks on the United States in light of “a
Qur’anic rationale for violence” dismisses the socio-historical and political
context in the modern Muslim world that gave rise to such a terrible act in
contemporary human history. Instead of focusing on a “theology of violence,”
this chapter seeks to shed critical light on the main political, social, and religious
dynamics of the modern Muslim world, which have evolved against a
complex backdrop of colonization, national independence, and the exhaustion
of the nationalist project in many an Arab and Muslim country. To come
to grips with the tragedy of September 11, 2001, and the reasons behind the
attacks on the United States, one also must delve into the Western impact on
the modern Muslim world. Furthermore, one must underline the fact that
Americanization, although a relatively new historical phenomenon, has been a
leading ideology in the world, particularly since the collapse of the Soviet
system in the late 1980s.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Peristiwa tragis 11 September 2001 telah mengangkat dalam pikiran banyak orang diBarat sejumlah pertanyaan tentang hubungan antara yang suci dankekerasan dalam Islam, dan beberapa komentator Western telah pergi sejauh untukmengklaim bahwa kekerasan dibangun ke dalam Qur'an.2 argumen utama iniBab ini yang menjelaskan serangan terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam kerangka "Alasan Alquran kekerasan"menolak sosio-politik dan sejarahkonteks di dunia Muslim modern yang memunculkan suatu tindakan mengerikan disejarah manusia kontemporer. Tidak berfokus pada "teologi kekerasan"Bab ini berusaha untuk menjelaskan kritis utama politik, sosial, dan agamadinamika dunia Muslim modern, yang telah berevolusi terhadaplatar belakang kompleks kolonisasi, kemerdekaan nasional dan kelelahannasionalis proyek dalam banyak negara Arab dan Muslim. Akan datanguntuk mengatasi tragedi 11 September 2001, dan alasan di balikserangan terhadap Amerika Serikat, satu juga harus menyelidiki dampak Barat padadunia Muslim modern. Selain itu, satu harus menggarisbawahi fakta bahwaAmerikanisasi, meskipun fenomena sejarah yang relatif baru, telahideologi terkemuka di dunia, terutama sejak runtuhnya Sovietsistem di akhir tahun 1980an.