Though the above idea is general, early empirical studies of accountin terjemahan - Though the above idea is general, early empirical studies of accountin Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

Though the above idea is general, e

Though the above idea is general, early empirical studies of accounting choices investigated the
impact of variables related to earnings-based bonus plans, debt, and the political process affecting the firm. Three major hypotheses tested are as follows: (a) the bonus plan hypothesis, (b) the debt-equity hypothesis, and (c) political cost hypothesis (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). The bonus plan hypothesis states that firms with bonus plans choose accounting methods so as to increase current period earnings.The debt-equity hypothesis says that firms with higher debt-equity ratios choose accounting procedures so as to shift earnings from future periods to the current period. The political cost hypothesis says that large firms rather than small firms choose accounting methods so as to shift earnings from the current period to future periods. Size has been used as the proxy variable for political attention in early studies (e.g., Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). Underlying all these hypotheses is the assumption of non-zero contracting costs (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). Empirical evidence is generally consistent with these hypotheses (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986, chapter 11; Christie, 1990). Another stream of research examines the stock price effects of accounting changes – both mandated and voluntary (Watts
& Zimmerman, 1986, chapter 12).
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Though the above idea is general, early empirical studies of accounting choices investigated theimpact of variables related to earnings-based bonus plans, debt, and the political process affecting the firm. Three major hypotheses tested are as follows: (a) the bonus plan hypothesis, (b) the debt-equity hypothesis, and (c) political cost hypothesis (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). The bonus plan hypothesis states that firms with bonus plans choose accounting methods so as to increase current period earnings.The debt-equity hypothesis says that firms with higher debt-equity ratios choose accounting procedures so as to shift earnings from future periods to the current period. The political cost hypothesis says that large firms rather than small firms choose accounting methods so as to shift earnings from the current period to future periods. Size has been used as the proxy variable for political attention in early studies (e.g., Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). Underlying all these hypotheses is the assumption of non-zero contracting costs (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). Empirical evidence is generally consistent with these hypotheses (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986, chapter 11; Christie, 1990). Another stream of research examines the stock price effects of accounting changes – both mandated and voluntary (Watts& Zimmerman, 1986, chapter 12).
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Meskipun ide di atas adalah umum, studi awal empiris pilihan akuntansi menyelidiki
dampak variabel yang berhubungan dengan pendapatan berbasis rencana bonus, utang, dan proses politik yang mempengaruhi perusahaan. Tiga hipotesis utama yang diuji adalah sebagai berikut: (a) hipotesis rencana bonus, (b) hipotesis utang-ekuitas, dan (c) biaya politik hipotesis (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). Rencana bonus hipotesis menyatakan bahwa perusahaan dengan rencana bonus memilih metode akuntansi sehingga dapat meningkatkan periode berjalan earnings.The hipotesis utang-ekuitas mengatakan bahwa perusahaan dengan rasio utang-ekuitas yang lebih tinggi memilih prosedur akuntansi yang menggeser laba dari periode mendatang ke periode berjalan . Biaya hipotesis politik mengatakan bahwa perusahaan-perusahaan besar daripada perusahaan kecil memilih metode akuntansi yang menggeser laba dari periode saat ini untuk periode mendatang. Ukuran telah digunakan sebagai variabel proxy untuk perhatian politik dalam studi awal (misalnya, Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). Mendasari semua hipotesis ini adalah asumsi biaya kontrak non-nol (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986). Bukti empiris umumnya konsisten dengan hipotesis ini (Watts & Zimmerman, 1986, pasal 11; Christie, 1990). Lain aliran penelitian meneliti efek harga saham perubahan akuntansi - baik diamanatkan dan sukarela (Watts
& Zimmerman, 1986, pasal 12).
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