100:01:28,774 --> 00:01:33,210As we

1
00:01:28,774 --> 00:01:33,210
As we began to contemplate
evacuation,

2
00:01:33,211 --> 00:01:36,580
the question,
the burning question was,

3
00:01:36,581 --> 00:01:38,381
"Who goes,

4
00:01:38,382 --> 00:01:40,861
and who gets left behind?"

5
00:01:53,861 --> 00:01:56,764
I borrowed a truck

6
00:01:56,765 --> 00:01:59,899
and I basically sent
the signal to my folks,

7
00:01:59,900 --> 00:02:02,969
and this meant a group
of South Vietnamese majors,

8
00:02:02,970 --> 00:02:06,139
lieutenant colonels, colonels
and their families

9
00:02:06,140 --> 00:02:10,107
to muster at an address
in downtown Saigon.

10
00:02:10,108 --> 00:02:14,211
I drove down there,
they loaded up onto the truck,

11
00:02:14,212 --> 00:02:19,183
and I drove them to the airbase.

12
00:02:19,184 --> 00:02:21,384
And I had told them,
"When you hear three thumps,

13
00:02:21,385 --> 00:02:23,954
"that means
hold the babies' mouths.

14
00:02:23,955 --> 00:02:27,624
"Don't breathe, don't talk,
don't make any noise

15
00:02:27,625 --> 00:02:30,059
because we're going through
the gatepost."

16
00:02:30,060 --> 00:02:32,294
I saluted in uniform

17
00:02:32,295 --> 00:02:35,964
as a captain
of the United States Army.

18
00:02:35,965 --> 00:02:37,698
The guard waved me through,

19
00:02:37,699 --> 00:02:40,033
and I drove straight out
to the flight line

20
00:02:40,034 --> 00:02:43,904
to an aircraft
that was awaiting.

21
00:02:43,905 --> 00:02:48,208
One Vietnamese colonel that was
putting his family on the plane,

22
00:02:48,209 --> 00:02:53,245
he had wanted to stay in Vietnam
to defend the country.

23
00:02:53,246 --> 00:02:57,448
And this full colonel had,
like, eight kids and a wife.

24
00:02:57,449 --> 00:03:00,590
And he was in tears,
the family...

25
00:03:05,590 --> 00:03:08,125
The family were in tears,

26
00:03:08,126 --> 00:03:11,028
and I said to him,
"Get on the plane.

27
00:03:12,028 --> 00:03:14,763
"Just... go.

28
00:03:14,764 --> 00:03:15,764
Go."

29
00:03:18,633 --> 00:03:23,572
It was a terrible,
terrible, terrible moral dilemma

30
00:03:23,573 --> 00:03:25,816
for everybody.

31
00:03:35,816 --> 00:03:40,519
We today have concluded
an agreement to end the war

32
00:03:40,520 --> 00:03:42,576
and bring peace with honor
in Vietnam.

33
00:03:50,062 --> 00:03:53,964
We have adopted a plan
for the complete withdrawal

34
00:03:53,965 --> 00:03:57,667
of all U.S. combat
ground forces.

35
00:03:57,668 --> 00:04:01,573
We are finally bringing
American men home.

36
00:04:03,573 --> 00:04:08,043
We who made the agreement

37
00:04:08,044 --> 00:04:10,478
thought that it would be
the beginning

38
00:04:10,479 --> 00:04:12,479
not of peace
in the American sense,

39
00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:15,716
but the beginning of a period
of coexistence

40
00:04:15,717 --> 00:04:21,954
which might evolve as it did
in Korea into two states.

41
00:04:21,955 --> 00:04:25,725
Reconciliation between
North and South Vietnam

42
00:04:25,726 --> 00:04:28,594
we knew would be
extremely difficult.

43
00:04:28,595 --> 00:04:32,767
But I was hopeful.

44
00:04:34,767 --> 00:04:37,268
Because of the Paris Agreement,

45
00:04:37,269 --> 00:04:40,406
American soldiers
were going home.

46
00:04:41,406 --> 00:04:44,579
But I was on my way back
to Vietnam.

47
00:04:48,579 --> 00:04:50,112
I was assigned to Saigon

48
00:04:50,113 --> 00:04:53,082
in the first week
of August 1973,

49
00:04:53,083 --> 00:04:55,692
so about six months
after the ceasefire.

50
00:05:05,494 --> 00:05:08,328
I would say that between
the State Department people

51
00:05:08,329 --> 00:05:10,463
and CIA people,

52
00:05:10,464 --> 00:05:13,332
the contractors who were there
to maintain infrastructure,

53
00:05:13,333 --> 00:05:14,600
maintain aircraft,

54
00:05:14,601 --> 00:05:17,335
as well as people like me,

55
00:05:17,336 --> 00:05:21,875
we had 5,000 to 7,000 Americans
in country.

56
00:05:23,875 --> 00:05:28,112
A lot of the guys had Vietnamese
girlfriends and wives,

57
00:05:28,113 --> 00:05:31,849
in many cases with children.

58
00:05:31,850 --> 00:05:36,451
In general,
things were eerily calm

59
00:05:36,452 --> 00:05:41,256
and in many ways normal
in Saigon.

60
00:05:41,257 --> 00:05:43,758
My sense was that
we were gonna be there,

61
00:05:43,759 --> 00:05:46,896
you know, pretty much
for a long time to come.

62
00:05:48,896 --> 00:05:53,200
I was assigned to the
American embassy in Saigon.

63
00:05:53,201 --> 00:05:55,002
I was in charge

64
00:05:56,002 --> 00:06:00,405
of the 84 Marine security guards
that were there,

65
00:06:00,406 --> 00:06:02,141
making sure that they kept up

66
00:06:02,142 --> 00:06:04,142
with their physical fitness
training.

67
00:06:05,345 --> 00:06:09,114
We were there to protect
American lives

68
00:06:09,115 --> 00:06:11,582
as well as American property.

69
00:06:11,583 --> 00:06:13,454
It was just a day-to-day job.

70
00:06:15,454 --> 00:06:21,026
The Ambassador there was a guy
named Graham Martin,

71
00:06:22,026 --> 00:06:24,559
a North Carolinian,
just as I was.

72
00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:27,362
He spoke with a slow
Southern drawl.

73
00:06:27,363 --> 00:06:28,963
He was a great gentleman.

74
00:06:28,964 --> 00:06:32,566
He was a cold warrior
in the old stripe.

75
00:06:32,567 --> 00:06:36,970
He'd lost an adopted son
in Vietnam to combat.

76
00:06:36,971 --> 00:06:41,040
And he was not gonna give up
South Vietnam to the Communists.

77
00:06:41,041 --> 00:06:45,044
He was determined
to keep U.S. aid

78
00:06:45,045 --> 00:06:46,783
flowing into Saigon.

79
00:06:49,783 --> 00:06:53,083
When the ceasefire occurred
in 1973,

80
00:06:53,084 --> 00:06:56,153
everybody toasted it
with Bloody Marys

81
00:06:56,154 --> 00:06:57,922
in the U.S. embassy.

82
00:06:57,923 --> 00:07:00,124
It was a grand party.

83
00:07:00,125 --> 00:07:03,494
We thought peace was at hand.

84
00:07:03,495 --> 00:07:08,435
But the Paris Peace Accord
was a masterpiece of ambiguity.

85
00:07:11,746 --> 00:07:14,802
In order to get President Thieu
and the South Vietnamese

86
00:07:14,803 --> 00:07:16,804
to go along
with the Paris Agreement,

87
00:07:16,805 --> 00:07:19,141
President Nixon
pulled out all the stops,

88
00:07:19,142 --> 00:07:21,708
and in a letter
to President Thieu,

89
00:07:21,709 --> 00:07:24,378
he promised that
if the North Vietnamese

90
00:07:24,379 --> 00:07:26,414
were to substantially violate

91
00:07:26,415 --> 00:07:28,448
the terms
of the Paris Agreement,

92
00:07:28,449 --> 00:07:31,061
the United States would respond
with full force.

93
00:07:32,019 --> 00:07:36,388
In other words, reenter the war.

94
00:07:36,389 --> 00:07:41,092
The North Vietnamese
viewed Nixon as a madman.

95
00:07:41,093 --> 00:07:44,996
They were terrified of him.

96
00:07:44,997 --> 00:07:48,700
They believed that Nixon,
if necessary,

97
00:07:48,701 --> 00:07:50,766
would bring back
American air power.

98
00:07:50,767 --> 00:07:56,905
But in August 1974, he was gone.

99
00:07:56,906 --> 00:08:01,210
Nixon resigned
because of Watergate.

100
00:08:01,211 --> 00:08:04,546
And overnight,
everything changed.

101
00:08:04,547 --> 00:08:11,386
Hanoi suddenly saw the road
to Saigon as being open.

102
00:08:40,678 --> 00:08:43,213
The South Vietnamese population

103
00:08:43,214 --> 00:08:47,116
had ample reason to fear
the Vietnamese Communists.

104
00:08:47,117 --> 00:08:50,818
The Communist conduct
throughout the course of the war

105
00:08:50,819 --> 00:08:54,254
had been violent
and unforgiving.

106
00:08:54,255 --> 00:08:56,224
For example,
when the city of Hue

107
00:08:56,225 --> 00:08:58,493
was taken over
by the North Vietnamese,

108
00:08:58,494 --> 00:09:01,260
several thousand people
on a long blacklist

109
00:09:01,261 --> 00:09:02,595
were rounded up...

110
00:09:02,596 --> 00:09:04,965
Schoolteachers,
government civil servants,

111
00:09:04,966 --> 00:09:07,133
people who were known
anti-Communists...

112
00:09:07,134 --> 00:09:09,969
And they were executed,

113
00:09:09,970 --> 00:09:11,971
in some cases even buried alive.

114
00:09:16,509 --> 00:09:19,847
So panic was
but a millimeter away.

115
00:09:23,847 --> 00:09:27,451
Hundreds of thousands
of refugees

116
00:09:27,452 --> 00:09:29,619
are in a blind rush
to flee even further

117
00:09:29,620 --> 00:09:31,754
from the rapidly advancing
Communists.

118
00:09:31,755 --> 00:09:33,089
Bruce Dunning reports.

119
00:09:33,090 --> 00:09:37,426
President Thieu broadcast
a strong appeal

120
00:09:37,427 --> 00:09:39,695
to the soldiers and the people
of Da Nang,

121
00:09:39,696 --> 00:09:42,745
urging them to stay and fight.

122
00:09:59,124 --> 00:10:01,513
As the enemy approaches,
the panic has swept

123
00:10:01,514 --> 00:10:03,749
from the coastal city's
crowded backstreets and pagodas

124
00:10:03,750 --> 00:10:05,483
onto runways at the airport.

125
00:10:05,484 --> 00:10:07,451
Our plane is surrounded here.

126
00:10:07,452 --> 00:10:10,421
I don't know how the hell
we're gonna get out.

127
00:10:10,422 --> 00:10:11,955
We're racing down the runway,

128
00:10:11,956 --> 00:10:14,626
leaving behind hundreds
and thousands of people.

129
00:10:16,626 --> 00:10:18,795
Another dozen of them
running along,

130
00:10:18,796 --> 00:10:20,896
grabbing at the air stair.

131
00:10:20,897 --> 00:10:24,066
We're pulling them on
as fast as we can.

132
00:10:24,067 --> 00:10:26,600
There's a sea of humanity
jamming on.

133
00:10:26,601 --> 00:10:29,671
Impossible to stop the crowd.

134
00:10:29,672 --> 00:10:31,306
We're pulling away.

135
00:10:31,307 --> 00:10:32,574
We're leaving them behind.

136
00:10:32,575 --> 00:10:33,806
We're pulling up with the...

137
00:10:33,807 --> 00:10:35,908
People are falling
off the air stairs!

138
00:10:35,909 --> 00:10:38,479
The plane is taking off.

139
00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:42,114
It was every man for himself.

140
00:10:42,115 --> 00:10:45,084
So you saw
the

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

100:01:28, 774--> 00:01:33, 210Seperti yang kita mulai untuk merenungkanevakuasi,200:01:33, 211--> 00:01:36, 580pertanyaan,pertanyaan yang terbakar itu,300:01:36, 581--> 00:01:38, 381"Siapa yang berjalan,400:01:38, 382--> 00:01:40, 861dan yang akan tertinggal?"500:01:53, 861--> 00:01:56, 764Aku meminjam sebuah truk600:01:56, 765--> 00:01:59, 899dan saya pada dasarnya dikirimsinyal kepada orang-orang saya,700:01:59, 900--> 00:02:02, 969dan ini berarti kelompokVietnam Selatan jurusan,800:02:02, 970--> 00:02:06, 139Letnan Kolonel, Koloneldan keluarga mereka900:02:06, 140--> 00:02:10, 107untuk mengumpulkan di alamatdi pusat kota Saigon.1000:02:10, 108--> 00:02:14, 211Aku pergi ke sana,mereka dimuat naik ke truk,1100:02:14, 212--> 00:02:19, 183dan saya mendorong mereka ke pangkalan udara.1200:02:19, 184--> 00:02:21, 384Dan saya telah mengatakan kepada mereka,"Ketika Anda mendengar tiga benturan,1300:02:21, 385--> 00:02:23, 954"itu berartimemegang mulut bayi.1400:02:23, 955--> 00:02:27, 624"Tidak bernapas, tidak berbicara,Jangan membuat kebisingan1500:02:27, 625--> 00:02:30, 059karena kita akanpintu gerbang itu."1600:02:30, 060--> 00:02:32, 294Saya memberi hormat di seragam1700:02:32, 295--> 00:02:35, 964sebagai kaptendari Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat.1800:02:35, 965--> 00:02:37, 698Penjaga melambaikan tangan saya melalui1900:02:37, 699--> 00:02:40, 033dan aku pergi langsunguntuk jalur penerbangan2000:02:40, 034--> 00:02:43, 904pesawatthat was awaiting.2100:02:43,905 --> 00:02:48,208One Vietnamese colonel that wasputting his family on the plane,2200:02:48,209 --> 00:02:53,245he had wanted to stay in Vietnamto defend the country.2300:02:53,246 --> 00:02:57,448And this full colonel had,like, eight kids and a wife.2400:02:57,449 --> 00:03:00,590And he was in tears,the family...2500:03:05,590 --> 00:03:08,125The family were in tears,2600:03:08,126 --> 00:03:11,028and I said to him,"Get on the plane.2700:03:12,028 --> 00:03:14,763"Just... go.2800:03:14,764 --> 00:03:15,764Go."2900:03:18,633 --> 00:03:23,572It was a terrible,terrible, terrible moral dilemma3000:03:23,573 --> 00:03:25,816for everybody.3100:03:35,816 --> 00:03:40,519We today have concludedan agreement to end the war3200:03:40,520 --> 00:03:42,576and bring peace with honorin Vietnam.3300:03:50,062 --> 00:03:53,964We have adopted a planfor the complete withdrawal3400:03:53,965 --> 00:03:57,667of all U.S. combatground forces.3500:03:57,668 --> 00:04:01,573We are finally bringingAmerican men home.3600:04:03,573 --> 00:04:08,043We who made the agreement3700:04:08,044 --> 00:04:10,478thought that it would bethe beginning3800:04:10,479 --> 00:04:12,479not of peacein the American sense,3900:04:12,480 --> 00:04:15,716but the beginning of a periodof coexistence4000:04:15, 717--> 00:04:21, 954yang akan berevolusi sebagai itudi Korea ke dua negara.4100:04:21, 955--> 00:04:25, 725RekonsiliasiUtara dan Vietnam Selatan4200:04:25, 726--> 00:04:28, 594kita tahu akansangat sulit.4300:04:28, 595--> 00:04:32, 767Tapi aku berharap.4400:04:34, 767--> 00:04:37, 268Karena perjanjian Paris,4500:04:37, 269--> 00:04:40, 406Tentara Amerikayang akan pulang.4600:04:41, 406--> 00:04:44, 579Tapi aku dalam perjalanan kembalike Vietnam.4700:04:48, 579--> 00:04:50, 112Aku ditugaskan untuk Saigon4800:04:50, 113--> 00:04:53, 082dalam minggu pertamaAgustus 1973,4900:04:53, 083--> 00:04:55, 692Jadi sekitar enam bulansetelah gencatan senjata.5000:05:05, 494--> 00:05:08, 328Saya akan mengatakan bahwa antaraorang-orang Departemen luar negeri5100:05:08, 329--> 00:05:10, 463dan orang-orang CIA,5200:05:10, 464--> 00:05:13, 332kontraktor yang adauntuk mempertahankan infrastruktur,5300:05:13, 333--> 00:05:14, 600mempertahankan pesawat,5400:05:14, 601--> 00:05:17, 335serta orang-orang seperti saya,5500:05:17, 336--> 00:05:21, 875Kami memiliki 5.000-7000 Amerikadi negara.5600:05:23, 875--> 00:05:28, 112Banyak orang telah Vietnampacar dan istri,5700:05:28, 113--> 00:05:31, 849dalam banyak kasus dengan anak.5800:05:31, 850--> 00:05:36, 451Secara umum,hal-hal yang menakutkan tenang5900:05:36, 452--> 00:05:41, 256dan dalam banyak hal normaldi Saigon.6000:05:41,257 --> 00:05:43,758My sense was thatwe were gonna be there,6100:05:43,759 --> 00:05:46,896you know, pretty muchfor a long time to come.6200:05:48,896 --> 00:05:53,200I was assigned to theAmerican embassy in Saigon.6300:05:53,201 --> 00:05:55,002I was in charge6400:05:56,002 --> 00:06:00,405of the 84 Marine security guardsthat were there,6500:06:00,406 --> 00:06:02,141making sure that they kept up6600:06:02,142 --> 00:06:04,142with their physical fitnesstraining.6700:06:05,345 --> 00:06:09,114We were there to protectAmerican lives6800:06:09,115 --> 00:06:11,582as well as American property.6900:06:11,583 --> 00:06:13,454It was just a day-to-day job.7000:06:15,454 --> 00:06:21,026The Ambassador there was a guynamed Graham Martin,7100:06:22,026 --> 00:06:24,559a North Carolinian,just as I was.7200:06:24,560 --> 00:06:27,362He spoke with a slowSouthern drawl.7300:06:27,363 --> 00:06:28,963He was a great gentleman.7400:06:28,964 --> 00:06:32,566He was a cold warriorin the old stripe.7500:06:32,567 --> 00:06:36,970He'd lost an adopted sonin Vietnam to combat.7600:06:36,971 --> 00:06:41,040And he was not gonna give upSouth Vietnam to the Communists.7700:06:41,041 --> 00:06:45,044He was determinedto keep U.S. aid7800:06:45,045 --> 00:06:46,783flowing into Saigon.7900:06:49,783 --> 00:06:53,083When the ceasefire occurredin 1973,8000:06:53,084 --> 00:06:56,153everybody toasted itwith Bloody Marys8100:06:56,154 --> 00:06:57,922in the U.S. embassy.8200:06:57,923 --> 00:07:00,124It was a grand party.8300:07:00,125 --> 00:07:03,494We thought peace was at hand.8400:07:03,495 --> 00:07:08,435But the Paris Peace Accordwas a masterpiece of ambiguity.8500:07:11,746 --> 00:07:14,802In order to get President Thieuand the South Vietnamese8600:07:14,803 --> 00:07:16,804to go alongwith the Paris Agreement,8700:07:16,805 --> 00:07:19,141President Nixonpulled out all the stops,8800:07:19,142 --> 00:07:21,708and in a letterto President Thieu,8900:07:21,709 --> 00:07:24,378he promised thatif the North Vietnamese9000:07:24,379 --> 00:07:26,414were to substantially violate9100:07:26,415 --> 00:07:28,448the termsof the Paris Agreement,9200:07:28,449 --> 00:07:31,061the United States would respondwith full force.9300:07:32,019 --> 00:07:36,388In other words, reenter the war.9400:07:36,389 --> 00:07:41,092The North Vietnameseviewed Nixon as a madman.9500:07:41,093 --> 00:07:44,996They were terrified of him.9600:07:44,997 --> 00:07:48,700They believed that Nixon,if necessary,9700:07:48,701 --> 00:07:50,766would bring backAmerican air power.9800:07:50,767 --> 00:07:56,905But in August 1974, he was gone.9900:07:56,906 --> 00:08:01,210Nixon resignedbecause of Watergate.10000:08:01,211 --> 00:08:04,546And overnight,everything changed.10100:08:04,547 --> 00:08:11,386Hanoi suddenly saw the roadto Saigon as being open.10200:08:40,678 --> 00:08:43,213The South Vietnamese population10300:08:43,214 --> 00:08:47,116had ample reason to fearthe Vietnamese Communists.10400:08:47,117 --> 00:08:50,818The Communist conductthroughout the course of the war10500:08:50,819 --> 00:08:54,254had been violentand unforgiving.10600:08:54,255 --> 00:08:56,224For example,when the city of Hue10700:08:56,225 --> 00:08:58,493was taken overby the North Vietnamese,10800:08:58,494 --> 00:09:01,260several thousand peopleon a long blacklist10900:09:01,261 --> 00:09:02,595were rounded up...11000:09:02,596 --> 00:09:04,965Schoolteachers,government civil servants,11100:09:04,966 --> 00:09:07,133people who were knownanti-Communists...11200:09:07,134 --> 00:09:09,969And they were executed,11300:09:09,970 --> 00:09:11,971in some cases even buried alive.11400:09:16,509 --> 00:09:19,847So panic wasbut a millimeter away.11500:09:23,847 --> 00:09:27,451Hundreds of thousandsof refugees11600:09:27,452 --> 00:09:29,619are in a blind rushto flee even further11700:09:29,620 --> 00:09:31,754from the rapidly advancingCommunists.11800:09:31,755 --> 00:09:33,089Bruce Dunning reports.
119
00:09:33,090 --> 00:09:37,426
President Thieu broadcast
a strong appeal

120
00:09:37,427 --> 00:09:39,695
to the soldiers and the people
of Da Nang,

121
00:09:39,696 --> 00:09:42,745
urging them to stay and fight.

122
00:09:59,124 --> 00:10:01,513
As the enemy approaches,
the panic has swept

123
00:10:01,514 --> 00:10:03,749
from the coastal city's
crowded backstreets and pagodas

124
00:10:03,750 --> 00:10:05,483
onto runways at the airport.

125
00:10:05,484 --> 00:10:07,451
Our plane is surrounded here.

126
00:10:07,452 --> 00:10:10,421
I don't know how the hell
we're gonna get out.

127
00:10:10,422 --> 00:10:11,955
We're racing down the runway,

128
00:10:11,956 --> 00:10:14,626
leaving behind hundreds
and thousands of people.

129
00:10:16,626 --> 00:10:18,795
Another dozen of them
running along,

130
00:10:18,796 --> 00:10:20,896
grabbing at the air stair.

131
00:10:20,897 --> 00:10:24,066
We're pulling them on
as fast as we can.

132
00:10:24,067 --> 00:10:26,600
There's a sea of humanity
jamming on.

133
00:10:26,601 --> 00:10:29,671
Impossible to stop the crowd.

134
00:10:29,672 --> 00:10:31,306
We're pulling away.

135
00:10:31,307 --> 00:10:32,574
We're leaving them behind.

136
00:10:32,575 --> 00:10:33,806
We're pulling up with the...

137
00:10:33,807 --> 00:10:35,908
People are falling
off the air stairs!

138
00:10:35,909 --> 00:10:38,479
The plane is taking off.

139
00:10:38,480 --> 00:10:42,114
It was every man for himself.

140
00:10:42,115 --> 00:10:45,084
So you saw
the

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 2:

1
00: 01: 28.774 -> 00: 01: 33.210
Ketika kita mulai merenungkan
evakuasi, 2 00: 01: 33.211 -> 00: 01: 36.580 pertanyaan, pertanyaan yang terbakar itu, 3 00: 01: 36.581 - -> 00: 01: 38.381 "Siapa, 4 00: 01: 38.382 -> 00: 01: 40.861 ? dan yang akan tertinggal " 5 00: 01: 53.861 -> 00: 01: 56.764 Saya meminjam truk 6 00: 01: 56.765 -> 00: 01: 59.899 dan saya pada dasarnya mengirim sinyal ke orang-orang saya, 7 00: 01: 59.900 -> 00: 02: 02.969 dan ini berarti sekelompok jurusan Vietnam Selatan, 8 00 : 02: 02.970 -> 00: 02: 06.139 letnan kolonel, kolonel dan keluarga mereka 9 00: 02: 06.140 -> 00: 02: 10.107 untuk mengumpulkan di alamat di pusat kota Saigon. 10 00: 02: 10.108 - > 00: 02: 14.211 aku pergi ke sana, mereka dimuat ke truk, 11 00: 02: 14.212 -> 00: 02: 19.183 dan saya mengantar mereka ke pangkalan udara tersebut. 12 00: 02: 19.184 -> 00 : 02: 21.384 Dan saya telah mengatakan mereka, "Ketika Anda mendengar tiga benturan, 13 00: 02: 21.385 -> 00: 02: 23.954 "yang berarti menahan mulut bayi '. 14 00: 02: 23.955 -> 00 : 02: 27.624 "Jangan menghirup, jangan bicara, tidak membuat kebisingan 15 00: 02: 27.625 -> 00: 02: 30.059 karena kita akan melalui . sisi gerbang yang " 16 0:02: 30.060 -> 00: 02: 32.294 Saya memberi hormat berseragam 17 00: 02: 32.295 -> 00: 02: 35.964 sebagai kapten dari Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat. 18 00: 02: 35.965 -> 00: 02: 37.698 Penjaga itu melambaikan tangan saya melalui, 19 00: 02: 37.699 -> 00: 02: 40.033 dan aku pergi langsung ke jalur penerbangan 20 00: 02: 40.034 -> 00: 02: 43.904 untuk sebuah pesawat yang sedang menunggu. 21 00: 02: 43.905 -> 00: 02: 48.208 Satu kolonel Vietnam yang menempatkan keluarganya di pesawat, 22 00: 02: 48.209 -> 00: 02: 53.245 ia ingin tinggal di Vietnam untuk mempertahankan . negara 23 00: 02: 53.246 -> 00: 02: 57.448 Dan kolonel penuh ini memiliki, seperti, delapan anak-anak dan istri. 24 00: 02: 57.449 -> 00: 03: 00.590 Dan dia menangis, keluarga ... 25 00: 03: 05.590 -> 00: 03: 08.125 keluarga yang menangis, 26 00: 03: 08.126 -> 00: 03: 11.028 dan saya berkata kepadanya, "Dapatkan di pesawat . 27 00: 03: 12.028 -> 00: 03: 14.763 "Hanya ... pergi. 28 00: 03: 14.764 -> 00: 03: 15.764 Go. " 29 00: 03: 18.633 -> 00: 03: 23.572 Itu mengerikan, mengerikan, dilema moral yang mengerikan 30 00: 03: 23.573 -> 00: 03: 25.816 untuk semua orang. 31 00: 03: 35.816 -> 00: 03: 40.519 Kami saat ini telah menyimpulkan kesepakatan untuk mengakhiri perang 32 00: 03: 40.520 -> 00: 03: 42.576 dan membawa perdamaian dengan kehormatan . di Vietnam 33 00: 03: 50.062 -> 00: 03: 53.964 Kami telah mengadopsi rencana untuk lengkap penarikan 34 00: 03: 53.965 -> 00: 03: 57.667 semua tempur AS . pasukan darat 35 00: 03: 57.668 -> 00: 04: 01.573 Kami akhirnya membawa pria Amerika rumah. 36 00: 04: 03.573 - > 00: 04: 08.043 Kami yang membuat perjanjian 37 00: 04: 08.044 -> 00: 04: 10.478 berpikir bahwa itu akan menjadi awal 38 00: 04: 10.479 -> 00: 04: 12.479 tidak damai di pengertian Amerika, 39 00: 04: 12.480 -> 00: 04: 15.716 tapi awal periode koeksistensi 40 00: 04: 15.717 -> 00: 04: 21.954 yang mungkin berkembang seperti yang terjadi di Korea menjadi dua negara. 41 00: 04: 21.955 -> 00: 04: 25.725 Rekonsiliasi antara Utara dan Vietnam Selatan 42 00: 04: 25.726 -> 00: 04: 28.594 kita tahu akan . sangat sulit 43 00: 04: 28.595 - -> 00: 04: 32,767 Tapi aku berharap. 44 00: 04: 34.767 -> 00: 04: 37.268 Karena Perjanjian Paris, 45 00: 04: 37.269 -> 00: 04: 40.406 tentara Amerika akan rumah. 46 00: 04: 41.406 -> 00: 04: 44.579 Tapi saya sedang dalam perjalanan kembali . ke Vietnam 47 00: 04: 48.579 -> 00: 04: 50.112 Saya ditugaskan ke Saigon 48 00:04: 50.113 -> 00: 04: 53.082 pada minggu pertama Agustus 1973, 49 00: 04: 53.083 -> 00: 04: 55.692 jadi sekitar enam bulan setelah gencatan senjata. 50 00: 05: 05.494 -> 00: 05: 08.328 Saya akan mengatakan bahwa antara orang-orang Departemen Luar Negeri 51 00: 05: 08.329 -> 00: 05: 10.463 dan CIA orang, 52 00: 05: 10.464 -> 00: 05: 13.332 kontraktor yang berada di sana untuk memelihara infrastruktur, 53 00: 05: 13.333 -> 00: 05: 14.600 mempertahankan pesawat, 54 00: 05: 14.601 -> 00: 05: 17.335 serta orang-orang seperti saya, 55 00: 05: 17.336 -> 00: 05: 21.875 kami harus 5.000 hingga 7.000 orang Amerika di negara. 56 00: 05: 23.875 -> 00: 05: 28.112 Banyak orang memiliki Vietnam pacar dan istri, 57 00: 05: 28.113 -> 00: 05: 31.849 dalam banyak kasus dengan anak-anak. 58 00: 05: 31.850 -> 00: 05: 36.451 Secara umum, hal-hal yang menakutkan tenang 59 00: 05: 36.452 -> 00: 05: 41.256 dan dalam banyak cara yang normal di . Saigon 60 00: 05: 41.257 -> 00: 05: 43.758 Saya rasa adalah bahwa kami akan berada di sana, 61 00: 05: 43.759 -> 00: 05: 46.896 Anda tahu, cukup banyak untuk waktu yang lama untuk datang. 62 00: 05: 48.896 -> 00: 05: 53,200 Aku ditugaskan ke kedutaan Amerika di Saigon. 63 00: 05: 53.201 -> 00: 05: 55.002 Saya bertanggung jawab 64 00: 05: 56.002 -> 00: 06: 00.405 dari 84 penjaga keamanan laut yang ada di sana, 65 00: 06: 00.406 -> 00: 06: 02.141 memastikan bahwa mereka terus 66 00: 06: 02.142 -> 00:06 : 04142 dengan kebugaran fisik mereka pelatihan. 67 00: 06: 05.345 -> 00: 06: 09.114 Kami berada di sana untuk melindungi Amerika tinggal 68 00: 06: 09.115 -> 00: 06: 11.582 . dan juga properti Amerika 69 00: 06: 11,583 -> 00: 06: 13.454 Itu hanya pekerjaan sehari-hari. 70 00: 06: 15.454 -> 00: 06: 21.026 Duta ada seorang pria bernama Graham Martin, 71 00 : 06: 22.026 -> 00: 06: 24.559 yang Carolinian Utara, sama seperti aku. 72 00: 06: 24.560 -> 00: 06: 27.362 Dia berbicara dengan lambat aksen Selatan. 73 00: 06: 27.363 - -> 00: 06: 28.963 Dia adalah seorang pria yang besar. 74 00: 06: 28.964 -> 00: 06: 32.566 Dia adalah seorang pejuang dingin di garis tua. 75 00: 06: 32.567 -> 00:06: 36.970 Dia kehilangan anak angkat di Vietnam untuk memerangi. 76 00: 06: 36.971 -> 00: 06: 41.040 Dan ia tidak akan menyerah Vietnam Selatan untuk Komunis. 77 00: 06: 41.041 -> 00 : 06: 45.044 Dia bertekad untuk menjaga bantuan AS 78 00: 06: 45.045 -> 00: 06: 46.783 . mengalir ke Saigon 79 00: 06: 49.783 -> 00: 06: 53.083 Ketika gencatan senjata terjadi pada tahun 1973, 80 00: 06: 53.084 -> 00: 06: 56.153 orang panggang itu dengan Bloody Maria 81 00: 06: 56,154 -> 00: 06: 57.922 di kedutaan AS. 82 00: 06: 57.923 -> 00: 07: 00.124 Ini adalah pesta besar. 83 00: 07: 00.125 -> 00: 07: 03.494 Kami pikir perdamaian di tangan. 84 00: 07: 03.495 -> 00: 07: 08.435 Tapi Paris Damai itu sebuah karya dari ambiguitas. 85 00: 07: 11.746 -> 00: 07: 14.802 Untuk mendapatkan Presiden Thieu dan Vietnam Selatan 86 00: 07: 14.803 -> 00: 07: 16.804 untuk pergi bersama dengan Perjanjian Paris , 87 00: 07: 16.805 -> 00: 07: 19.141 Presiden Nixon menarik semua berhenti, 88 00: 07: 19.142 -> 00: 07: 21.708 dan dalam surat kepada Presiden Thieu, 89 0:07: 21.709 -> 00: 07: 24.378 ia berjanji bahwa jika Vietnam Utara 90 00: 07: 24.379 -> 00: 07: 26.414 yang secara substansial melanggar 91 00: 07: 26.415 -> 00: 07: 28.448 istilah Perjanjian Paris, 92 00: 07: 28.449 -> 00: 07: 31.061 Amerika Serikat akan menanggapi dengan kekuatan penuh. 93 00: 07: 32.019 -> 00: 07: 36.388 Dengan kata lain, masuk kembali perang. 94 00: 07: 36.389 -> 00: 07: 41.092 di Vietnam Utara melihat Nixon sebagai orang gila. 95 00: 07: 41.093 -> 00: 07: 44.996 Mereka takut padanya. 96 00: 07: 44.997 - -> 00: 07: 48.700 Mereka percaya bahwa Nixon, jika perlu, 97 00: 07: 48.701 -> 00: 07: 50.766 akan membawa kembali kekuatan udara Amerika. 98 00: 07: 50.767 -> 00: 07: 56.905 Tapi pada bulan Agustus 1974, ia pergi. 99 00: 07: 56.906 -> 00: 08: 01.210 Nixon mengundurkan diri karena Watergate. 100 00: 08: 01.211 -> 00: 08: 04.546 Dan semalam, . segalanya berubah 101 00: 08: 04.547 -> 00: 08: 11.386 Hanoi tiba-tiba melihat jalan ke Saigon sebagai terbuka. 102 00: 08: 40.678 -> 00: 08: 43.213 Populasi Vietnam Selatan 103 00: 08: 43.214 - > 00: 08: 47.116 memiliki banyak alasan untuk takut Komunis Vietnam. 104 00: 08: 47.117 -> 00: 08: 50.818 Pelaksanaan Komunis sepanjang perjalanan perang 105 00: 08: 50.819 -> 00:08 : 54254 telah kekerasan dan tak kenal ampun. 106 00: 08: 54.255 -> 00: 08: 56.224 Sebagai contoh, ketika kota Hue 107 00: 08: 56.225 -> 00: 08: 58.493 diambil alih oleh Utara Vietnam, 108 00: 08: 58.494 -> 00: 09: 01.260 beberapa ribu orang pada daftar hitam panjang 109 00: 09: 01.261 -> 00: 09: 02.595 dikumpulkan ... 110 00: 09: 02.596 - -> 00: 09: 04.965 Guru sekolah, pegawai negeri sipil pemerintah, 111 00: 09: 04.966 -> 00: 09: 07.133 orang yang dikenal anti-komunis ... 112 00: 09: 07.134 -> 00:09: 09.969 Dan mereka dieksekusi, 113 00: 09: 09.970 -> 00: 09: 11.971 dalam beberapa kasus bahkan dikubur hidup-hidup. 114 00: 09: 16.509 -> 00: 09: 19.847 Jadi kepanikan itu . tapi milimeter jauhnya 115 00: 09: 23.847 -> 00: 09: 27.451 Ratusan ribu pengungsi 116 00: 09: 27.452 -> 00: 09: 29.619 yang terburu-buru buta untuk melarikan diri lebih jauh 117 00: 09: 29.620 -> 00: 09: 31.754 dari maju pesat Komunis. 118 00: 09: 31.755 -> 00: 09: 33.089 Bruce Dunning melaporkan. 119 00: 09: 33.090 -> 00: 09: 37.426 Presiden Thieu disiarkan daya tarik yang kuat 120 00: 09: 37.427 -> 00: 09: 39.695 untuk tentara dan orang-orang dari Da Nang, 121 00: 09: 39.696 -> 00: 09: 42.745 mendesak mereka untuk bertahan dan melawan. 122 00: 09: 59.124 -> 00: 10: 01.513 Sebagai pendekatan musuh, kepanikan melanda 123 00: 10: 01.514 -> 00: 10: 03.749 dari kota pesisir backstreets ramai dan pagoda 124 00: 10: 03.750 -> 00: 10: 05.483 ke landasan pacu di bandara. 125 00: 10: 05.484 -> 00: 10: 07.451 Pesawat kami dikelilingi sini. 126 00: 10: 07.452 -> 00: 10: 10.421 Saya tidak tahu bagaimana neraka kita akan keluar. 127 00: 10: 10.422 -> 00: 10: 11.955 Kami berlari di landasan pacu, 128 00: 10: 11.956 -> 00: 10: 14.626 meninggalkan ratusan dan ribuan orang. 129 00: 10: 16.626 -> 00: 10: 18.795 lusin lain dari mereka berjalan bersama, 130 00: 10: 18.796 -> 00: 10: 20.896 . meraih di tangga pesawat 131 00: 10: 20.897 - -> 00: 10: 24.066 Kami menarik mereka pada secepat yang kami bisa. 132 00: 10: 24.067 -> 00: 10: 26,600 Ada lautan manusia kemacetan di. 133 00: 10: 26.601 -> 00: 10: 29.671 Mustahil untuk menghentikan kerumunan. 134 00: 10: 29.672 -> 00: 10: 31.306 Kami menarik diri. 135 00: 10: 31.307 -> 00: 10: 32.574 Kami meninggalkan mereka belakang. 136 00: 10: 32.575 -> 00: 10: 33.806 Kami menarik sampai dengan ... 137 00: 10: 33.807 -> 00: 10: 35.908 Orang jatuh ! off tangga udara 138 00 : 10: 35.909 -> 00: 10: 38.479 Pesawat ini lepas landas. 139 00: 10: 38.480 -> 00: 10: 42.114 Itu setiap orang untuk dirinya sendiri. 140 00: 10: 42.115 -> 00: 10: 45.084 Jadi Anda melihat dengan59.124 -> 00: 10: 01.513 Sebagai pendekatan musuh, kepanikan melanda 123 00: 10: 01.514 -> 00: 10: 03.749 dari kota pesisir backstreets ramai dan pagoda 124 00: 10: 03.750 -> 00 : 10: 05.483 ke landasan pacu di bandara. 125 00: 10: 05.484 -> 00: 10: 07.451 Pesawat kami dikelilingi sini. 126 00: 10: 07.452 -> 00: 10: 10.421 Saya tidak tahu bagaimana sih kita akan keluar. 127 00: 10: 10.422 -> 00: 10: 11.955 Kami berlari di landasan pacu, 128 00: 10: 11.956 -> 00: 10: 14.626 meninggalkan ratusan dan ribuan orang. 129 00: 10: 16.626 -> 00: 10: 18.795 lusin lain dari mereka berjalan bersama, 130 00: 10: 18.796 -> 00: 10: 20.896 . meraih di tangga pesawat 131 00: 10: 20.897 -> 00: 10: 24.066 Kami menarik mereka pada secepat yang kami bisa. 132 00: 10: 24.067 -> 00: 10: 26,600 Ada lautan manusia kemacetan di. 133 00: 10: 26.601 - > 00: 10: 29.671 Mustahil untuk menghentikan kerumunan. 134 00: 10: 29.672 -> 00: 10: 31.306 Kami menarik diri. 135 00: 10: 31.307 -> 00: 10: 32.574 Kami meninggalkan mereka di belakang. 136 00: 10: 32.575 -> 00: 10: 33.806 Kami menarik sampai dengan ... 137 00: 10: 33.807 -> 00: 10: 35.908 Orang jatuh ! off tangga udara 138 00: 10: 35.909 -> 00: 10: 38.479 Pesawat ini lepas landas. 139 00: 10: 38.480 -> 00: 10: 42.114 Itu setiap orang untuk dirinya sendiri. 140 00: 10: 42.115 -> 00 : 10: 45.084 Jadi Anda melihat dengan59.124 -> 00: 10: 01.513 Sebagai pendekatan musuh, kepanikan melanda 123 00: 10: 01.514 -> 00: 10: 03.749 dari kota pesisir backstreets ramai dan pagoda 124 00: 10: 03.750 -> 00 : 10: 05.483 ke landasan pacu di bandara. 125 00: 10: 05.484 -> 00: 10: 07.451 Pesawat kami dikelilingi sini. 126 00: 10: 07.452 -> 00: 10: 10.421 Saya tidak tahu bagaimana sih kita akan keluar. 127 00: 10: 10.422 -> 00: 10: 11.955 Kami berlari di landasan pacu, 128 00: 10: 11.956 -> 00: 10: 14.626 meninggalkan ratusan dan ribuan orang. 129 00: 10: 16.626 -> 00: 10: 18.795 lusin lain dari mereka berjalan bersama, 130 00: 10: 18.796 -> 00: 10: 20.896 . meraih di tangga pesawat 131 00: 10: 20.897 -> 00: 10: 24.066 Kami menarik mereka pada secepat yang kami bisa. 132 00: 10: 24.067 -> 00: 10: 26,600 Ada lautan manusia kemacetan di. 133 00: 10: 26.601 - > 00: 10: 29.671 Mustahil untuk menghentikan kerumunan. 134 00: 10: 29.672 -> 00: 10: 31.306 Kami menarik diri. 135 00: 10: 31.307 -> 00: 10: 32.574 Kami meninggalkan mereka di belakang. 136 00: 10: 32.575 -> 00: 10: 33.806 Kami menarik sampai dengan ... 137 00: 10: 33.807 -> 00: 10: 35.908 Orang jatuh ! off tangga udara 138 00: 10: 35.909 -> 00: 10: 38.479 Pesawat ini lepas landas. 139 00: 10: 38.480 -> 00: 10: 42.114 Itu setiap orang untuk dirinya sendiri. 140 00: 10: 42.115 -> 00 : 10: 45.084 Jadi Anda melihat dengan