cause the BEPS work is expected to be completed soquickly, new ways to terjemahan - cause the BEPS work is expected to be completed soquickly, new ways to Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

cause the BEPS work is expected to

cause the BEPS work is expected to be completed so
quickly, new ways to find consensus are envisaged,
including through the use of subgroups of working
party delegates working remotely to develop solutions
which will then be sent to the full working parties for
approval.12 Consultation with non-governmental representatives
is also contemplated, including with business
and civil society representatives, although the
‘‘high-level policy dialogue’’ with commentators will
only occur on an annual basis.13
The Action Plan continues the themes expressed in
the February report. It notes that the ‘‘digital
economy’’ (an undefined term) poses particularly
challenging issues for international taxation, and that
there are fundamental questions regarding how enterprises
‘‘add value’’ in the digital economy.14 The plan
makes repeated references to determining the jurisdiction
where value is created. The Action Plan also refers
to ‘‘frictions’’ caused by the interaction of different
tax systems as leading to potential double taxation,
but makes clear that the ‘‘gaps’’ which lead to
corporate income being not taxed at all or only ‘‘unduly
lowly taxed’’ are the more pernicious problem.15
The need for consensus is stressed, without which
there is a danger of countries enacting unilateral measures
‘‘which could lead to global tax chaos marked
by the massive re-emergence of double taxation.’’16
In contrast to the February BEPS Report, the Action
Plan disclaims any intent to alter the balance between
source versus residence taxation. The goal of the Action
Plan is to ‘‘better align rights to tax with economic
activity.’’17 The Action Plan does not contemplate
incremental changes, but rather makes reference
to ‘‘fundamental changes’’ and ‘‘new international
standards.’’18
Actions to Address Challenges of Digital Economy
Whereas the February BEPS Report made reference
to six ‘‘key pressure areas,’’ the Action Plan now
divides the proposed work into 15 separate items. Action
1 will address the challenges posed by the digital
economy. A dedicated task force will be created to review
business models and identify the relevant issues
and options. The scope of the work will include permanent
establishment issues, attribution of profits,
character of income and sourcing rules.
The work on Action 1 obviously is similar in scope
to the 1997–2002 OECD e-commerce project.19 The
conclusion reached there was essentially that the existing
international tax rules could be adapted to fit
changing business models enabled by electronic commerce.
Representatives from the U.S. Treasury Department
have stated publicly that there is no need for
a separate, parallel set of tax rules governing transactions
in the digital economy, however that would be
defined.20 The fact that this work has been relegated
to a task force to issue a report on these issues likely
indicates a low probability of change for this item.
The fact that indirect taxation measures will be considered
suggests that resolution of the perceived challenges
of the digital economy may be achieved
through more effective collection of VAT/GST on the
cross-border provision of digital goods or services.
Actions to Promote International Coherence of
Corporate Income Taxation
The next four action items are grouped under the
heading, ‘‘Establishing international coherence of corporate
income taxation.’’ Action 2 will involve further
work for the development of instruments to neutralize
the effects of hybrid mismatch arrangements. The
OECD views hybrid mismatch arrangements as problematic
because they can be used to achieve unintended
double non-taxation21 by, for example, creating
two deductions for only one borrowing, creating a
deduction without a corresponding income inclusion,
or misusing foreign tax credit and participation exemption
regimes. Interestingly, long-term tax deferral
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cause the BEPS work is expected to be completed soquickly, new ways to find consensus are envisaged,including through the use of subgroups of workingparty delegates working remotely to develop solutionswhich will then be sent to the full working parties forapproval.12 Consultation with non-governmental representativesis also contemplated, including with businessand civil society representatives, although the‘‘high-level policy dialogue’’ with commentators willonly occur on an annual basis.13The Action Plan continues the themes expressed inthe February report. It notes that the ‘‘digitaleconomy’’ (an undefined term) poses particularlychallenging issues for international taxation, and thatthere are fundamental questions regarding how enterprises‘‘add value’’ in the digital economy.14 The planmakes repeated references to determining the jurisdictionwhere value is created. The Action Plan also refersto ‘‘frictions’’ caused by the interaction of differenttax systems as leading to potential double taxation,but makes clear that the ‘‘gaps’’ which lead tocorporate income being not taxed at all or only ‘‘undulylowly taxed’’ are the more pernicious problem.15The need for consensus is stressed, without whichthere is a danger of countries enacting unilateral measures‘‘which could lead to global tax chaos markedby the massive re-emergence of double taxation.’’16In contrast to the February BEPS Report, the ActionPlan disclaims any intent to alter the balance betweensource versus residence taxation. The goal of the ActionPlan is to ‘‘better align rights to tax with economicactivity.’’17 The Action Plan does not contemplateincremental changes, but rather makes referenceto ‘‘fundamental changes’’ and ‘‘new internationalstandards.’’18Actions to Address Challenges of Digital EconomyWhereas the February BEPS Report made referenceto six ‘‘key pressure areas,’’ the Action Plan nowdivides the proposed work into 15 separate items. Action1 will address the challenges posed by the digitaleconomy. A dedicated task force will be created to reviewbusiness models and identify the relevant issuesand options. The scope of the work will include permanentestablishment issues, attribution of profits,character of income and sourcing rules.The work on Action 1 obviously is similar in scopeto the 1997–2002 OECD e-commerce project.19 Theconclusion reached there was essentially that the existinginternational tax rules could be adapted to fitchanging business models enabled by electronic commerce.Representatives from the U.S. Treasury Departmenthave stated publicly that there is no need fora separate, parallel set of tax rules governing transactionsin the digital economy, however that would bedefined.20 The fact that this work has been relegatedto a task force to issue a report on these issues likelyindicates a low probability of change for this item.The fact that indirect taxation measures will be consideredsuggests that resolution of the perceived challengesof the digital economy may be achievedthrough more effective collection of VAT/GST on thecross-border provision of digital goods or services.Actions to Promote International Coherence ofCorporate Income TaxationThe next four action items are grouped under theheading, ‘‘Establishing international coherence of corporateincome taxation.’’ Action 2 will involve furtherwork for the development of instruments to neutralizethe effects of hybrid mismatch arrangements. TheOECD views hybrid mismatch arrangements as problematicbecause they can be used to achieve unintendeddouble non-taxation21 by, for example, creatingtwo deductions for only one borrowing, creating adeduction without a corresponding income inclusion,or misusing foreign tax credit and participation exemptionregimes. Interestingly, long-term tax deferral
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menyebabkan pekerjaan BEPS diharapkan akan selesai begitu
cepat, cara-cara baru untuk menemukan konsensus yang dibayangkan,
termasuk melalui penggunaan subkelompok kerja
delegasi partai bekerja jarak jauh untuk mengembangkan solusi
yang kemudian akan dikirim ke pihak bekerja penuh untuk
Konsultasi approval.12 dengan perwakilan non-pemerintah
juga dimaksud, termasuk dengan bisnis
perwakilan dan masyarakat sipil, meskipun
'' tingkat tinggi kebijakan dialog '' dengan komentator akan
hanya terjadi pada basis.13 tahunan
Rencana Aksi terus tema dinyatakan dalam
laporan Februari . Ini mencatat bahwa '' digital
ekonomi '' (istilah terdefinisi) menimbulkan terutama
masalah menantang bagi perpajakan internasional, dan bahwa
ada pertanyaan mendasar tentang bagaimana perusahaan
'' menambah nilai '' di economy.14 digital Rencananya
membuat referensi ulang untuk menentukan yurisdiksi
di mana nilai diciptakan. Rencana Aksi juga mengacu
ke '' friksi '' disebabkan oleh interaksi yang berbeda
sistem pajak yang mengarah ke potensi pajak ganda,
tapi membuat jelas bahwa '' kesenjangan '' yang menyebabkan
penghasilan badan yang tidak dikenakan pajak sama sekali atau hanya '' terlalu
rendah pajak '' adalah problem.15 lebih merusak
Kebutuhan konsensus stres, tanpa yang
ada bahaya dari negara memberlakukan tindakan sepihak
'' yang dapat menyebabkan kekacauan pajak global ditandai
oleh besar munculnya kembali pajak ganda. ''16
Berbeda dengan Februari BEPS Report, Aksi
Rencana mengklaim niat untuk mengubah keseimbangan antara
sumber vs tinggal perpajakan. Tujuan dari Action
Plan adalah untuk '' lebih menyelaraskan hak untuk pajak dengan ekonomi
aktivitas. '' 17 Rencana Aksi tidak merenungkan
perubahan inkremental, melainkan membuat referensi
untuk '' perubahan mendasar '' dan '' internasional baru
standar. ' '18
Tindakan untuk Alamat Tantangan Ekonomi Digital
Sedangkan Februari BEPS Laporan mengacu
ke enam '' daerah tekanan utama, '' Rencana Aksi sekarang
membagi pekerjaan yang diusulkan ke 15 item yang terpisah. Tindakan
1 akan menghadapi tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh digital
ekonomi. Sebuah gugus tugas khusus akan dibuat untuk meninjau
model bisnis dan mengidentifikasi isu-isu yang relevan
dan pilihan. Lingkup kerja akan mencakup permanen
masalah pembentukan, atribusi keuntungan,
karakter pendapatan dan sumber aturan.
Pekerjaan pada Action 1 jelas mirip dalam lingkup
ke 1997-2002 OECD e-commerce project.19 The
kesimpulan ada dasarnya bahwa ada
peraturan pajak internasional dapat diadaptasi untuk menyesuaikan
perubahan model bisnis diaktifkan oleh perdagangan elektronik.
Perwakilan dari Departemen Keuangan AS
telah menyatakan secara terbuka bahwa tidak ada kebutuhan untuk
terpisah, set paralel peraturan pajak yang mengatur transaksi
dalam ekonomi digital, namun yang akan
defined.20 Fakta bahwa pekerjaan ini telah diturunkan
ke satuan tugas untuk mengeluarkan laporan tentang masalah ini kemungkinan
menunjukkan probabilitas rendah perubahan untuk item ini.
Kenyataan bahwa langkah-langkah perpajakan tidak langsung akan dianggap
menunjukkan bahwa resolusi tantangan yang dirasakan
dari ekonomi digital dapat dicapai
melalui pengumpulan lebih efektif PPN / GST pada
penyediaan lintas batas barang digital atau jasa.
Tindakan untuk Mempromosikan Internasional Coherence dari
Penghasilan Badan Perpajakan
Empat item tindakan selanjutnya dikelompokkan di bawah
judul, ' 'Membangun koherensi internasional perusahaan
pajak penghasilan.' 'Aksi 2 akan melibatkan lebih
bekerja untuk pengembangan instrumen untuk menetralisir
efek dari pengaturan ketidakcocokan hybrid. The
OECD memandang pengaturan hibrida ketidakcocokan bermasalah
karena mereka dapat digunakan untuk mencapai yang tidak diinginkan
ganda non-taxation21 oleh, misalnya, menciptakan
dua potongan untuk hanya satu pinjaman, menciptakan
pengurangan tanpa inklusi pendapatan yang sesuai,
atau menyalahgunakan kredit pajak asing dan pembebasan partisipasi
rezim. Menariknya, jangka panjang penangguhan pajak
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