Hasil (
Bahasa Indonesia) 1:
[Salinan]Disalin!
structure that regulates the access to the active site. The hydrolysis of the lipid p-nitrophenyl ester by lipases A and B of C. rugosa was characterized by Rodendo et al. (1995). Lipase A was maximally active on caprylate, whereas lipase B had maximal activity on laurate. The two enzymes were identical in other respects. Similarly, a commercial lipolytic preparation of Ch. viscosum was reported to contain two different lipases (Taipa et al., 1995).
9. Immobilization of lipases
Both native and immobilized lipases are available commercially. Lipases used in laundry
detergents and many other applications are not immobilized; however, an increasing number
of speciality applications of lipases in synthesis and biotransformation demand an immobilized
biocatalyst for efficiency of use. Immobilization improves recyclability of expensive
lipases. Also, immobilization can enhance enzyme stability and activity.
Many methods have been used to immobilize lipases, including adsorption or precipitation
onto hydrophobic materials (Wisdom et al., 1984), covalent attachment to functional groups
(Shaw et al., 1990), entrapment in polymer gels (Telefoncu et al., 1990), adsorption in
macroporous anion exchange resins (Rizzi et al., 1992), microencapsulation in lipid vesicles
(Balca o et al., 1996), and sol–gel entrapment (Jaeger and Reetz, 1998; Krishnakant and
Madamwar, 2001). G. candidum lipases A and B were immobilized on Accurel EP 100
porous polypropylene supports, precoated with ovalbumin to increase stability in organic
solvents and at elevated temperatures (Charton and Macrae, 1992). Bosley and Clayton
(1994) used hydrophobic controlled pore glasses to immobilize R. miehei lipase. Reetz et al.
(1995) employed sol–gel entrapment in silica gel to immobilize various lipases.
C. cylindracea lipase was immobilized on methyl acrylate divinyl benzene copolymer and
its derivatives (Xu et al., 1995). The immobilized lipase had improved resistance to thermal
denaturation than the native enzyme (Xu et al., 1995). Reetz et al. (1996) reported an
immobilization procedure using alkyl silane precursors of the type R Si (OCH mixtures of R Si (OCH 3) 3 and Si (OCH 3 ) to immobilize C. antarctica lipase. This immobilization process provided highly active, chemically and thermally stable, heterogeneous biocatalysts (Reetz et al., 1996). Shin et al. (1997) prepared a celite-immobilized lipase of A. oryzae and used it for continuous esterification of N-protected amino acids with secondary alcohols in organic solvents (Shin et al., 1997). Jaeger and Reetz (1998) produced glutaraldehyde cross-linked microcrystals of CRL. These cross-linked crystals were used for the chiral resolution of commercially important compounds by ester hydrolysis. 4 Arroyo et al. (1999) covalently immobilized C. antarctica lipase B on Sepharose, alumina, and silica. This increased the thermal stability of the catalyst and modified its apparent mode of deactivation relative to the native enzyme. In one case, Amberlite IRC 50 was a suitable adsorbent for immobilizing the purified Rhizop. oryzae lipase (Hiol et al., 2000). Compared to other supports, Amberlite offered a high adsorption capacity and good long-term stability of the immobilized lipase. The stability of the immobilized enzyme was assessed by studying its capacity to esterify equimolar amounts of oleic acid and hexanol in cyclohexane at 30 C (Hiol et al., 2000). The stability was further assessed by measuring the hydrolyzing activity of 3) 3 and
Sedang diterjemahkan, harap tunggu..
