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Ruqaiya Sultan BegumRuqaiya Sultana Begum (Persia: رقیه سلطان بیگم; juga dieja sebagai Ruqayya, Ruqayyah) (1542-19 Januari 1626) merupakan Maharani Kekaisaran Mughal. Ia adalah istri pertama dari Kaisar Akbar.[2][3][4][5] Dia juga adalah yang terpanjang melayani Mughal Permaisuri memiliki jabatan lebih dari 49 tahun.[6]Ia dilahirkan seorang puteri Mughal (Shahzadi) dan satu-satunya putri Pangeran Mughal Hindal Mirza, yang termuda Akbar di paman dari pihak ayah.[5] Dia juga adalah cucu Kaisar Babur, pendiri kekaisaran Mughal dan kaisar Mughal pertama, juga keponakan yang kedua, Humayun.Ia memainkan peran penting dalam negosiasi penyelesaian antara suami dan anak tiri nya, Jahangir, ketika ayah-anak hubungan kembali asam di awal tahun 1600-an, akhirnya membantu Jahangir's aksesi ke atas tahta.[7]KeluargaShahzadi Ruqaiya Sultan Begum dilahirkan dalam Dinasti Timuriyah sebagai putri Mughal, dan adalah satu-satunya putri Pangeran Mughal Hindal Mirza, anak termuda dan favorit dari kaisar Mughal pertama Babur dari istrinya, Dildar Begum. Ruqaiya's ibu, Sultanam Begum, adalah putri dari Muhammad Musa Khwaja dan adik dari Mahdi Khwaja, yang adalah adik ipar Kaisar Babur, sebagai suami saudara perempuannya, Khanzada Begum.[8] Ruqaiya tertua paman dari pihak ayah adalah Kaisar Humayun, yang kemudian menjadi mertuanya juga, ketika bibinya dari pihak ayah terkenal Gulbadan Begum, penulis Humayun Nama ("buku Humayun").Being the granddaughter of Emperor Babur and a Timurid princess, Ruqaiya, as well as her first cousin, Akbar, were descendants of the lines of the highest Central Asian aristocracy: Timur or Tamerlane the Great through his son Miran Shah, and Genghis Khan through his son Chagatai Khan.As it was customary for a Mughal princess, Ruqaiya was well educated and knew many languages such as Chagatai, Persian, Arabic and Urdu.[9]Marriage Hujra-I-Anup Talao or the Turkish Sultana House, a pleasure pavilion attached to a pond, was used by Empress RuqaiyaAt the age of nine, Ruqaiya married her first cousin, Akbar, in November of 1551 at Kabul, Afghanistan, shortly after his first appointment as a Viceroy in the province of Ghazni.[10] The marriage was arranged by Ruqaiya's uncle and Akbar's father, Humayun, and took place soon after the untimely death of Ruqaiya's father, Hindal Mirza, who died in a battle.[11] Humayun conferred on the young couple, all the wealth, army and adherents of his deceased younger brother, Hindal, and Ghazni, which was one of Hindal's jagir, was given to his nephew and son-in-law, Akbar.[11][12]Ruqaiya became an Empress of the Mughal Empire at the age of fourteen years following her husband's accession to the throne in 1556.Throughout her 53 years of marriage, Ruqaiya remained childless, but was given the primary responsibility for the upbringing of her grandson, prince Khurram (the future Emperor Shah Jahan).[13]Sebelum kelahiran Khurram's, peramal telah dilaporkan meramalkan untuk Ruqaiya Sultan Begum masih bayi ditakdirkan untuk kebesaran Kekaisaran. Jadi, ketika Khurram dilahirkan pada tahun 1592 dan hanya enam hari tua, Akbar memerintahkan bahwa Pangeran akan diambil dari ibunya dan menyerahkan dia Ruqaiya sehingga ia bisa tumbuh di bawah perawatan nya dan Akbar bisa memenuhi keinginan istrinya penuaan, meningkatkan kaisar Mughal.[7] Khurram tetap dengan dia, [3] sampai ia telah berbalik 13. Pangeran muda kemudian, akhirnya, diperbolehkan untuk kembali ke rumah ayahnya, dan dengan demikian, lebih dekat dengan ibu kandungnya.[7] Ruqaiya mengawasi Khurram di pendidikan juga karena dia, tidak seperti suaminya, berpendidikan.[14] Ruqaiya dan Khurram, oleh karena itu, berbagi hubungan seperti hubungan Akbar telah berbagi dengan Khurram (Pangeran telah menjadi favorit kakeknya). Khurram's ayah dan Ruqaiya di langkah-anak, Jahangir, mencatat bahwa Ruqaiya telah mengasihi Khurram "seribu kali lebih daripada jika ia telah anaknya sendiri".[3]Despite the fact that she did not bear him any children, she was always kept in high regard by her husband, as he held great respect and affection for her. Ruqaiya was thus, a senior and high ranked figure in the imperial harem, along with the other two chief Empresses, also and at court during her husband's reign as well as in his successor's (Jahangir) reign.[15] She took a precedence over other wives of Akbar in terms of birth. She was his only wife who was the most supreme in terms of birth, being herself a Timurid princess and thus, a member of the Timurid dynasty.The Empress also took active part in court politics just like Salima Sultan begum and Mariam-uz-Zamani. In the early 1600s, Ruqaiya, Salima Sultan Begum and Maryam Makani, along with other ladies of the harem, played a crucial role in negotiating a settlement between Akbar and Jahangir, (when their relationship had turned sour), eventually helping to pave the way for Jahangir's accession to the throne.[7][16] During Jahangir's reign, Ruqaiya and Salima Sultan Begum again played a crucial role in successfully securing pardon for the powerful, Khan-i-Azam, Mirza Aziz Koka, who had been sentenced to death by Jahangir. Apart from her own palace at Fatehpur Sikri, Ruqaiya owned palaces outside the fort in Agra, near the Jamuna river, a privilege given to Mughal princesses only and sometimes to empresses who were kept in high esteem.[17][18]In 1607, Ruqaiya, for the first time, visited the mausoleum of her father Hindal Mirza as the royal harem and Jahangir were on a hunting trip to Kabul.[19] Sher Afghan Quli Khan, the jagirdar of Burdwan died and his widowed wife, Mehrunnissa (later Empress Nur Jahan) was summoned to Agra by Jahangir to act as lady-in-waiting to the Empress Ruqaiya.[10] Given the precarious political connections of Sher Afghan before his death, his family was in great danger and therefore for her own protection, Mihrunnissa needed to be at the court in Agra.Nur Jehan and her daughter, Ladli Begum, served as ladies-in-waiting to the Empress for four years while earnestly endeavoring to please their imperial mistress.[20] The relationship that grew up between Ruqaiya and Mihrunnissa appears to have been an extremely tender one which remained so until Ruqaiya's death in 1626. The Dutch merchant, Pieter van den Broecke said: "This Begum [Ruqaiya] conceived a great affection for Mehr-un-Nissa; she loved her more than others and always kept her in her company."[21]Death Gardens of Babur at Kabul, AfghanistanRuqaiya died in 1626, at the age of 84 having outlived her husband by 20 years. She was buried on the fifteenth level in the Gardens of Babur (Bagh-e-Babur) in Kabul, which is also the resting place of her grandfather, Emperor Babur and her father, Hindal Mirza. Her tomb was built by her step-grandson, Emperor Shah Jahan.[22]Sementara rekaman kematiannya dalam otobiografinya, Jahangir sayang berbicara tentang Ruqaiya, karena ia dibesarkan anaknya, dan membuat catatan status dia ditinggikan sebagai Akbar's istri pertama.[23]
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