they were able to use the Western psychological model, valued being‘he terjemahan - they were able to use the Western psychological model, valued being‘he Bahasa Indonesia Bagaimana mengatakan

they were able to use the Western p

they were able to use the Western psychological model, valued being
‘heard’ with respect, and preferred a choice of counsellor – not always
wanting a counsellor of the same ethnicity. Being heard with respect
means allowing them to tell their stories, to set their own frame of
reference, and to have their values and spirituality appreciated (hooks,
1993). Rather than seek a single cultural consultant as expert, counsellors
can extend their reflective practice by establishing community
links with groups whose experience and insights are useful to their
work, and work towards maximising the range of experience within
their staff group.Tamasese and Waldegrave (1996) refer to this as ‘just
therapy’, countering both individual and institutional discrimination
through making one’s own work accountable to subjugated groups by
consulting always with local communities or colleagues who have
more similarity with the client. Burnham and Harris (1996) set out
guidelines for counselling those whose ethnicity and culture are
different from the counsellor:
• Culture and ethnicity are always important and not always obvious.
• People who are different [from you] are not necessarily the same [as
each other].
• Ethnicity and culture are socially constructed.
• Be willing to suspend both your belief and disbelief.
• Be clumsy rather than clever.
• Do not use clients with different cultural backgrounds as an education
lesson for the professional.
• Be sensitive, not superficial.
• The list is always emerging, so what would you add to it?
We would add that this list is a useful set of practice pointers for work
with all clients as there as many cultural stories as there are people.
Gender
In our so-called post-feminist era, it may not seem necessary to detail
the effects of sexism – the inequalities of opportunity in every sphere
of life which women have experienced and, to a lesser extent, still do.
Not only have there been many feminist critiques of counselling
theory (see, for example, Mitchell, 1974; Gilligan, 1982) and the
development of pro-feminist counselling (see, for example, Miller,
1973; Kaplan, 1987), but men, too, have applied masculinist critiques
(see, for example, Hearn, 1996; McLean et al., 1996).All of these have
The Climate of Counselling 29
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they were able to use the Western psychological model, valued being‘heard’ with respect, and preferred a choice of counsellor – not alwayswanting a counsellor of the same ethnicity. Being heard with respectmeans allowing them to tell their stories, to set their own frame ofreference, and to have their values and spirituality appreciated (hooks,1993). Rather than seek a single cultural consultant as expert, counsellorscan extend their reflective practice by establishing communitylinks with groups whose experience and insights are useful to theirwork, and work towards maximising the range of experience withintheir staff group.Tamasese and Waldegrave (1996) refer to this as ‘justtherapy’, countering both individual and institutional discriminationthrough making one’s own work accountable to subjugated groups byconsulting always with local communities or colleagues who havemore similarity with the client. Burnham and Harris (1996) set outguidelines for counselling those whose ethnicity and culture aredifferent from the counsellor:• Culture and ethnicity are always important and not always obvious.• People who are different [from you] are not necessarily the same [aseach other].• Ethnicity and culture are socially constructed.• Be willing to suspend both your belief and disbelief.• Be clumsy rather than clever.• Do not use clients with different cultural backgrounds as an educationlesson for the professional.• Be sensitive, not superficial.• The list is always emerging, so what would you add to it?We would add that this list is a useful set of practice pointers for workwith all clients as there as many cultural stories as there are people.GenderIn our so-called post-feminist era, it may not seem necessary to detailthe effects of sexism – the inequalities of opportunity in every sphereof life which women have experienced and, to a lesser extent, still do.Not only have there been many feminist critiques of counsellingtheory (see, for example, Mitchell, 1974; Gilligan, 1982) and thedevelopment of pro-feminist counselling (see, for example, Miller,1973; Kaplan, 1987), but men, too, have applied masculinist critiques(see, for example, Hearn, 1996; McLean et al., 1996).All of these haveThe Climate of Counselling 29
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Disalin!
mereka mampu menggunakan model psikologis Barat, senilai sedang
'mendengar' dengan hormat, dan lebih suka pilihan konselor - tidak selalu
ingin konselor dari etnis yang sama. Didengar dengan hormat
berarti memungkinkan mereka untuk menceritakan kisah mereka, untuk mengatur bingkai mereka sendiri
referensi, dan memiliki nilai-nilai mereka dan spiritualitas dihargai (kait,
1993). Daripada mencari konsultan budaya tunggal sebagai ahli, konselor
dapat memperpanjang praktek reflektif mereka dengan mendirikan komunitas
hubungan dengan kelompok-kelompok yang memiliki pengalaman dan wawasan yang berguna untuk mereka
bekerja, dan bekerja untuk memaksimalkan berbagai pengalaman dalam
staf mereka group.Tamasese dan Waldegrave (1996 ) lihat ini sebagai 'hanya
terapi ', melawan diskriminasi baik individual maupun institusional
melalui membuat seseorang bekerja sendiri bertanggung jawab kepada kelompok ditundukkan oleh
konsultasi selalu dengan masyarakat lokal atau rekan-rekan yang memiliki
lebih kemiripan dengan klien. Burnham dan Harris (1996) menetapkan
pedoman untuk konseling mereka yang etnis dan budaya yang
berbeda dari konselor:
• Budaya dan etnisitas selalu penting dan tidak selalu jelas.
• Orang yang berbeda [dari Anda] belum tentu sama [seperti
saling].
• Etnis dan budaya dibangun secara sosial.
• Bersedia untuk menangguhkan baik keyakinan dan percaya.
• Jadilah canggung daripada pintar.
• Jangan gunakan klien dengan latar belakang budaya yang berbeda sebagai pendidikan
pelajaran untuk profesional.
• Peka , tidak dangkal.
• Daftar ini selalu muncul, jadi apa yang akan Anda tambahkan untuk itu?
Kami akan menambahkan bahwa daftar ini adalah seperangkat berguna praktek pointer untuk bekerja
dengan semua klien karena ada banyak cerita budaya karena ada orang-orang.
Jenis kelamin
Dalam disebut era post-feminis kita, mungkin tidak tampak diperlukan terhadap detail
efek seksisme - ketidaksetaraan kesempatan di setiap bidang
. hidup yang perempuan telah mengalami dan, pada tingkat lebih rendah, masih melakukan
Tidak hanya ada sudah banyak kritik feminis konseling
teori (lihat, misalnya, Mitchell, 1974; Gilligan, 1982) dan
pengembangan konseling pro-feminis (lihat, misalnya, Miller,
1973; Kaplan, 1987), tapi laki-laki juga, telah menerapkan kritik maskulin
(lihat, misalnya, Hearn, 1996; McLean et al. 1996) .Semua ini memiliki
Iklim Konseling 29
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