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THE BASICS OF ADJUSTING ENTRIESIn o

THE BASICS OF ADJUSTING ENTRIES
In order for revenues and expenses sto be reported in the correct period, companies make adjusting etries at the end of the accounting period. Adjusting entries ensure that the revenue recognition and expense recognition principles are followed. Adjusting entries make it possible to report correct amounts on the statement of financial position and on the income statement.
The trial balance- the first summarization of the transaction data- may not contain up-to-date and complete data. This is true for several reasons;
1. Some events are not recorded daily because it is not efficient to do so. For example, companies do not record the daily use of supplies or the earning of wages by employees.
2. Some costs are not recorded during the accounting period because they ecpire with the passage of time rather than as a result of daily transactions. Examples are rent, insurance, and charges related to the use of equipment.
3. Some items may be unrecorder. An example is a utility bill that the company will not receive until the next accounting period.

A company must make adjusting entries every time it prepares financial statements. It analyzes each account in the trial balance to determine whether it is complete and up-to-date. For example, the company may need to make inventory counts of supplies. It may also need to prepare supporting schedules of insurance policies, rental agreements, and other contractual commitments . because the adjusting and closing procces can be time-consuming, companies often prepare adjusting entries after the statement of financial position date, but date them as of the statement of financial position date.

Types of Adjusting Entries
Adjusting entries are sclaasified as either deferrals and accruals. As illustration 3-2 (page 100) show, each of these classes has two subcategories.
Deferrals
1. Prepaid Expenses. Expenses paid in cash and recorded as assets before they are used or consumed
2. Unearned Revenues. Cash received and recorded as liabilities before revenue is earned
Accruals
1. Accrued Revenues. Revenues earned but not yet received in cash or recorded
2. Accrued Expenses. Expenses incurred but not yet paid in cash or recorded.

The following pages explain each type of adjusment and show examples. Each example is based on the october 31 trial balance of Pioneer Advertising Agency Inc., from chapter 2 and reproduced in illustration 3-3
We assume that Pioneer Advertising uses an accounting period of one month, and thus it makes monthly adjusting entries. The entries are dated october 31.

Adjusting Entries for Deferrals
Deferrals are either prepaid expenses or unearned revenues. Companies make adjustments for deferrals to record the portion of the deferral that represent the expense incurred or the revenue earned in the current period.

PREPAID EXPENSES
Just as you might pay for your car insurance six months in advance, companies will pay in advance for some items that cover more than one period. Because accrual accounting requires that expenses are recognized only in the period in which they are incurred, thes prepayments are recorded as assets called prepaid expenses or prepayments. When expenses are prepaid, an asset account is increased (debited) to show the service or benefit that the company will receive in the future. Example of common prepayments are insurance, supplies, advertising, and rent. In addition, companies make prepayments when they purchasebuildings and equipment.
Prepaid expenses are costs that expire either with the passage of time (e.g.,rent and insurance) or through use (e.g.,supplies). The expiration of these costs does not require daily journal entries. Companies postpone recognizing these costs until they prepare financial statements. At each statement date, they make adjusting entries:
1. To record the expenses that apply to the current accounting period, and
2. To show the unexpired costs in the asset accounts
Prior to adjusment for prepaid expense, assets are overstated and expenses are understated. As shown in illustration 3-4, an adjusting entry for prepaid expense increases (debits) an expense account and decreases (credits) an asset account.
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THE BASICS OF ADJUSTING ENTRIESIn order for revenues and expenses sto be reported in the correct period, companies make adjusting etries at the end of the accounting period. Adjusting entries ensure that the revenue recognition and expense recognition principles are followed. Adjusting entries make it possible to report correct amounts on the statement of financial position and on the income statement. The trial balance- the first summarization of the transaction data- may not contain up-to-date and complete data. This is true for several reasons;1. Some events are not recorded daily because it is not efficient to do so. For example, companies do not record the daily use of supplies or the earning of wages by employees.2. Some costs are not recorded during the accounting period because they ecpire with the passage of time rather than as a result of daily transactions. Examples are rent, insurance, and charges related to the use of equipment.3. Some items may be unrecorder. An example is a utility bill that the company will not receive until the next accounting period.A company must make adjusting entries every time it prepares financial statements. It analyzes each account in the trial balance to determine whether it is complete and up-to-date. For example, the company may need to make inventory counts of supplies. It may also need to prepare supporting schedules of insurance policies, rental agreements, and other contractual commitments . because the adjusting and closing procces can be time-consuming, companies often prepare adjusting entries after the statement of financial position date, but date them as of the statement of financial position date.Types of Adjusting Entries Adjusting entries are sclaasified as either deferrals and accruals. As illustration 3-2 (page 100) show, each of these classes has two subcategories.Deferrals 1. Prepaid Expenses. Expenses paid in cash and recorded as assets before they are used or consumed2. Unearned Revenues. Cash received and recorded as liabilities before revenue is earnedAccruals1. Accrued Revenues. Revenues earned but not yet received in cash or recorded2. Accrued Expenses. Expenses incurred but not yet paid in cash or recorded.The following pages explain each type of adjusment and show examples. Each example is based on the october 31 trial balance of Pioneer Advertising Agency Inc., from chapter 2 and reproduced in illustration 3-3We assume that Pioneer Advertising uses an accounting period of one month, and thus it makes monthly adjusting entries. The entries are dated october 31.
Adjusting Entries for Deferrals
Deferrals are either prepaid expenses or unearned revenues. Companies make adjustments for deferrals to record the portion of the deferral that represent the expense incurred or the revenue earned in the current period.

PREPAID EXPENSES
Just as you might pay for your car insurance six months in advance, companies will pay in advance for some items that cover more than one period. Because accrual accounting requires that expenses are recognized only in the period in which they are incurred, thes prepayments are recorded as assets called prepaid expenses or prepayments. When expenses are prepaid, an asset account is increased (debited) to show the service or benefit that the company will receive in the future. Example of common prepayments are insurance, supplies, advertising, and rent. In addition, companies make prepayments when they purchasebuildings and equipment.
Prepaid expenses are costs that expire either with the passage of time (e.g.,rent and insurance) or through use (e.g.,supplies). The expiration of these costs does not require daily journal entries. Companies postpone recognizing these costs until they prepare financial statements. At each statement date, they make adjusting entries:
1. To record the expenses that apply to the current accounting period, and
2. To show the unexpired costs in the asset accounts
Prior to adjusment for prepaid expense, assets are overstated and expenses are understated. As shown in illustration 3-4, an adjusting entry for prepaid expense increases (debits) an expense account and decreases (credits) an asset account.
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DASAR-DASAR MENYETEL ENTRIES
Agar pendapatan dan beban sto dilaporkan pada periode yang benar, perusahaan membuat penyesuaian etries pada akhir periode akuntansi. Jurnal penyesuaian memastikan bahwa prinsip-prinsip pengakuan pendapatan dan pengakuan beban diikuti. Jurnal penyesuaian memungkinkan untuk melaporkan jumlah yang benar pada laporan posisi keuangan dan laporan laba rugi.
Sidang keseimbangan-orang summarization pertama dari transaksi data- mungkin tidak mengandung up-to-date dan data lengkap. Hal ini berlaku untuk beberapa alasan;
1. Beberapa peristiwa tidak dicatat setiap hari karena tidak efisien untuk melakukannya. Misalnya, perusahaan tidak mencatat penggunaan sehari-hari persediaan atau penghasilan dari upah karyawan.
2. Beberapa biaya yang tidak tercatat selama periode akuntansi karena mereka ecpire dengan berlalunya waktu daripada sebagai hasil dari transaksi harian. Contohnya adalah sewa, asuransi, dan biaya terkait dengan penggunaan peralatan.
3. Beberapa item mungkin unrecorder. Contohnya adalah tagihan utilitas bahwa perusahaan tidak akan menerima sampai periode akuntansi berikutnya. Perusahaan harus membuat jurnal penyesuaian setiap kali menyusun laporan keuangan. Ini analisis setiap akun di neraca saldo untuk menentukan apakah itu adalah lengkap dan up-to-date. Sebagai contoh, perusahaan mungkin perlu untuk membuat jumlah persediaan pasokan. Hal ini juga perlu menyiapkan jadwal mendukung kebijakan asuransi, perjanjian sewa, dan komitmen kontrak lainnya. karena penyesuaian dan penutupan procces dapat memakan waktu, perusahaan sering mempersiapkan jurnal penyesuaian setelah tanggal laporan posisi keuangan, tetapi berkencan dengan mereka pada tanggal laporan posisi keuangan. Jenis Mengatur Entri Mengatur entri sclaasified baik sebagai penangguhan dan akrual . Sebagai ilustrasi 3-2 (halaman 100) menunjukkan, masing-masing kelas memiliki dua subkategori. Penangguhan 1. Biaya dibayar dimuka. Beban dibayar tunai dan dicatat sebagai aset sebelum digunakan atau dikonsumsi 2. Pendapatan diterima di muka. Kas yang diterima dan dicatat sebagai kewajiban sebelum pendapatan diperoleh Akrual 1. Pendapatan yang masih harus dibayar. Pendapatan yang diperoleh tetapi belum diterima secara tunai atau direkam 2. Biaya masih harus dibayar. Biaya yang dikeluarkan tetapi belum dibayar tunai atau direkam. Halaman-halaman berikut ini menjelaskan setiap jenis penyesuaian dan menunjukkan contoh. Setiap contoh didasarkan pada 31 Oktober neraca saldo dari Pioneer Advertising Agency Inc, dari pasal 2 dan direproduksi dalam ilustrasi 3-3 Kami berasumsi bahwa Pioneer Advertising menggunakan periode akuntansi dari satu bulan, dan dengan demikian itu membuat jurnal penyesuaian bulanan. Entri tanggal Oktober 31. Menyesuaikan Entries untuk penangguhan penangguhan yang baik biaya dibayar di muka atau pendapatan diterima di muka. Perusahaan melakukan penyesuaian untuk penangguhan untuk merekam bagian dari penangguhan yang mewakili beban yang terjadi atau pendapatan yang diperoleh pada periode berjalan. BIAYA DIBAYAR DI MUKA Sama seperti Anda mungkin membayar untuk asuransi mobil Anda enam bulan di muka, perusahaan akan membayar di muka untuk beberapa item yang mencakup lebih dari satu periode. Karena akuntansi akrual mengharuskan beban diakui hanya pada periode terjadinya, thes pembayaran di muka dicatat sebagai aset disebut biaya dibayar dimuka atau pembayaran di muka. Ketika beban prabayar, akun aset meningkat (didebit) untuk menunjukkan layanan atau manfaat bahwa perusahaan akan menerima di masa depan. Contoh dari pembayaran di muka umum adalah asuransi, persediaan, iklan, dan sewa. Selain itu, perusahaan membuat pembayaran di muka ketika mereka purchasebuildings dan peralatan. Biaya dibayar dimuka adalah biaya yang berakhir baik dengan berlalunya waktu (misalnya sewa dan asuransi) atau melalui penggunaan (misalnya, persediaan). Berakhirnya biaya ini tidak memerlukan entri jurnal harian. Perusahaan menunda mengakui biaya ini sampai mereka menyusun laporan keuangan. Pada setiap tanggal laporan, mereka membuat jurnal penyesuaian: 1. Untuk merekam biaya yang berlaku untuk periode akuntansi saat ini, dan 2. Untuk menunjukkan biaya belum berakhir di akun aset Sebelum penyesuaian untuk biaya dibayar di muka, aset berlebihan dan beban bersahaja. Seperti ditunjukkan pada gambar 3-4, jurnal penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan prabayar beban (debit) akun beban dan penurunan (kredit) akun aset.
























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