Peacekeeping, as a mission, was fir

Peacekeeping, as a mission, was first created in response to the Suez Crisis in
1956. The crisis began when, in response to the nationalization of the Suez Canal
by the government of Egypt, the United Kingdom and France invaded and occupied
the area surrounding the Canal, supported by an attack by Israel on the Sinai peninsula.
The idea of a UN-sponsored force to replace British, French, and Israeli forces
in Egypt, with the consent of all parties, was suggested by Lester Pearson, the
Canadian Foreign Minister (a suggestion for which he later won the Nobel Peace
Prize). The concept of peacekeeping caught on, because it allowed the Security
Council to play a less ambitious, less politically contentious, but still useful role in
international dispute resolution at a time when the realities of the Cold War prevented
full-fledged Chapter VII interventions. By the middle of 2004, the UN had
listed sixteen ongoing peacekeeping operations, although some of these might be
better described as state-building operations (see below). These missions employed
close to 60,000 personnel, and cost close to $3 billion annually. The longest running
current operation, the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP),
has been in continuous operation since 1964.6
The second new mechanism for the promotion of international peace and security
that has evolved in Security Council practice more recently is often referred to as
state-building. This new mission, which the Security Council only really got involved
in after the end of the Cold War, has UN forces oversee the administration of postconflict
areas and the building of local capacity for self-governance. State-building is
thus a curative and preventive mechanism, rather than an enforcement mechanism
per se. In helping areas that have been the sites of threats to international security
to build viable self-governance structures, the hope is that they will not once again
degenerate into security-threatening behavior. State-building missions have had
considerable success in stabilizing several countries around the globe over the past
decade, ranging from East Timor to Bosnia to Sierra Leone to Honduras. The missions
have certainly not made any of these places model states, but conditions in all
of them are significantly better than before the UN arrived, and probably much
better than had the UN not arrived.

Hasil (Bahasa Indonesia) 1:

Perdamaian, sebagai misi, pertama kali dibuat dalam menanggapi krisis Suez1956 krisis dimulai ketika, dalam menanggapi nasionalisasi Terusan Suezoleh pemerintah Mesir, Inggris dan Perancis menyerang dan mendudukidaerah di sekitar kanal, didukung oleh serangan oleh Israel di Semenanjung Sinai.Gagasan Angkatan yang disponsori untuk menggantikan pasukan Inggris, Perancis, dan Israeldi Mesir, dengan persetujuan dari semua pihak, disarankan oleh Lester Pearson,Menteri Luar Negeri Kanada (saran yang ia kemudian memenangi Nobel PerdamaianHadiah). Konsep perdamaian tertangkap, karena hal itu diperbolehkan keamananDewan untuk berperan kurang ambisius, kurang politik perdebatan, tapi masih berguna dalampenyelesaian sengketa internasional pada waktu Kapan realitas perang dingin dicegahpenuh bab VII intervensi. Pada pertengahan 2004, PBB telahterdaftar enam belas berkelanjutan operasi penjaga perdamaian, meskipun beberapa di antaranya mungkinlebih baik dijelaskan sebagai operasi negara-bangunan (lihat bawah). Misi-misi yang bekerjadekat 60.000 personil, dan biaya dekat $3 miliar per tahun. Paling lama berjalanoperasi saat ini, Pasukan Pemelihara Perdamaian Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa di Siprus (UNFICYP),telah terus-menerus beroperasi sejak 1964.6Kedua mekanisme baru untuk mempromosikan perdamaian dan keamanan internasionalyang telah berkembang dalam praktek baru-baru ini sering disebut sebagai Dewan Keamanannegara-bangunan. Misi ini baru, yang Dewan Keamanan hanya benar-benar terlibatdalam setelah akhir perang dingin, memiliki kekuatan UN mengawasi administrasi postconflictdaerah dan pembangunan kapasitas lokal untuk diri pemerintahan. Negara-bangunandengan demikian kuratif dan mekanisme preventif, daripada sebuah mekanisme penegakanper se. Dalam membantu daerah yang telah situs ancaman terhadap keamanan internasionaluntuk membangun struktur pemerintahan diri yang layak, dengan harapan adalah bahwa mereka akan tidak lagimerosot ke dalam perilaku mengancam keamanan. Misi pembangunan negara memilikicukup sukses dalam menstabilkan beberapa negara di seluruh dunia selamadekade, mulai dari Timor Timur ke Bosnia ke Sierra Leone ke Honduras. Misibelum tentu membuat salah satu Serikat model tempat ini, tetapi kondisi di semuadari mereka signifikan lebih baik daripada sebelum PBB tiba, dan mungkin banyaklebih baik daripada tidak PBB tiba.